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MSII: Microbiology Unit 6 > Hepatitis Viruses (4) > Flashcards

Hepatitis Viruses (4) Flashcards

1
Q

Genome and capsid of Hep A virus? What type of virus is it?

A

ssRNA, naked icosahedral

Picornavirus

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2
Q

How many serotypes of Hep A are there?

A

1

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3
Q

What do neutralizing antibodies recognize on Hep A?

A

Virion proteins 1 and 3

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4
Q

How is Hep A transmitted?

A

Fecal-Oral

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of Hep A infection?

A

Frequently asymptomatic

Acute hepatitis (largely immunogenic symptoms, not caused directly by virus)–> fever, jaundice, gastroenteritis, dark urine, pale feces

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6
Q

Risk factors for Hep A infection?

A

Elderly

Preexisting liver disease

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7
Q

What are the EIA lab results for acute Hep A infection? For past Hep A infection? For Hep A vaccination?

A

Acute–> Anti- Hep A IgM

Past/ Vaccination–> Anti-Hep A IgG

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8
Q

Genome and capsid of Hep E virus? What type of virus is it?

A

(+)ssRNA, naked virus

Hepevirus

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9
Q

How many serotypes of Hep E?

A

1

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10
Q

Where is Hep E endemic?

A

Asia, Africa, Mexico

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11
Q

How is Hep E transmitted?

A

Fecal- oral

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Hep E virus?

A

Acute, self limited hepatitis with a biphasic presentation–>

Prodrome: Anorexia, N/V/D, fever

Icteric phase: jaundice, dark urine, pale feces

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13
Q

Does Hep A or Hep E have a higher mortality rate?

A

Hep E (especially in pregnant women)

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14
Q

What is the treatment for Hep A and Hep E?

A

Symptomatic treatment

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15
Q

Does Hep E have a vaccine?

A

Yes…HEV239 vaccine

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16
Q

Genome and capsid of Hep B virus? What type of virus is it?

A

DNA virus, partially double stranded; small, enveloped

17
Q

How many serotypes of Hep B virus?

A

1

18
Q

What is special about Hep B virus replication?

A

Replication produces 1000X more HBsAG decoys than virus

19
Q

How is Hep B transmitted?

A

Blood, sex, and birthing

20
Q

Describe the time course of antigens in HBV infection?

A

Surface antigen–> appears early, then disappears and then resumes in chronic infection

Surface antibody–> becomes detectable as surface antigen decreases

Core antibody–> arises later (IgM in acute and IgG in resolved or chronic)

21
Q

When is HBV E antigen detectable?

A

When the virus is most transmittable

22
Q

Is the HBV hepatotoxic?

A

No! The virus itself is not hepatotoxic. The cytotoxic T cell response against the HBV infected hepatocytes causes the liver damage

23
Q

What are some symptoms of chronic HBV infection?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly, kidney damage (from immune complexes), arthritis, angiomas, ascites/ caput medusa/ peripheral edema

24
Q

Treatment for chronic HBV?

A

1 year of polymerase inhibitors

4 months of Pegelated alpha IFN

25
Q

What is Hep D?

A

A “defective” virus or “viriod” that encodes a single delta antigen

26
Q

T/F: delta antigen is hepatotoxic

A

True

27
Q

How is Hep D virus spread?

A

Blood and sex

28
Q

What type of infection does Hep D (and Hep B coinfection/ superinfection) lead to?

A

Fulminant hepatitis

29
Q

Hep D superinfection is associated with which type of behavior?

A

IV drug use

30
Q

What is the treatment for Hep D infection?

A

No effective treatment….maybe a liver transplant if criteria are met

31
Q

Genome and capsid of Hep C virus? What type of virus is it?

A

(+)ssRNA virus, enveloped

Human restricted flavivirus

32
Q

How is Hep C transmitted?

A

Efficiently by blood

Inefficiently by sex

33
Q

What types of cells does Hep C infect?

A

Hepatocytes and B lymphocytes (both have CD81 receptor)

34
Q

What is red flag in the history of someone when Hep C infection?

A

Travel to Egypt

35
Q

What are the extrahepatic signs of Hep C infection?

A

Sicca syndrome, arthralgias, myalgias, pruritis, paresthesia, sensory neuropathy

36
Q

What is the RIBA process?

A

1- vendor provides recombinant HCV antigens which are run on a gel and blotted onto a membrane

2- patient serum sample is laid over blot (anti HCV antibodies present find HCV antigen)

3- Patient serum is washed off and replaced with a secondary antibody that lights up bright

37
Q

Treatment for acute HCV?

A

short course of pegylated alpha IFN

38
Q

Treatment for chronic HCV?

A

Ribavirin

Pegylated alpha IFN

HCV protease inhibitors

39
Q

What is the goal of HCV treatment?

A

Sustained viral response (like remission)

MSII: Microbiology Unit 6 (10 decks)

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