Parasitic

Question 1

contagious ectoparasitic skin infection characterized by superficial burrows and intense itching

Answer 1

scabies

Question 2

What is scabies also known as?

Answer 2

sarcoptic mange or the itch

Question 3

What is the causative agent of scabies

Answer 3

Sarcoptes scabiei

Question 4

Incubation period of scabies

Answer 4

4-6 weeks

Question 5

Mode of Transmission

Answer 5

1. Direct contact with a female mite
   2.Skin to skin contact with an infected person
   3.Sharing clothing, bedding, or towels from infected person

Question 6

What is one of the signs and symptoms of scabies that is caused by a reaction within the skin to the feces of the mite and is worse after a hot shower and at night?

Answer 6

Pruritus

Question 7

Winding, slightly raised gray lines along the skin

Answer 7

Burrows

Question 8

Signs and Symptoms of scabies

Answer 8

Pruritus
Burrows
Scratch marks
Burning sensation

Question 9

Common locations of burrows

Answer 9

Sides of the fingers
Between the fingers
Top of the wrist
Around the elbows and armpits
Around the nipples of the breasts in women
Genitalia of men
Around the waist
Lower part of the buttocks
Babies: soles of their feeet, palms of their hands and faces

Question 10

Severe form of scabies wherein lesions are extensive and may spread all over the body; Scaly areas eventually take on a wart-like appearance

Answer 10

Crusted scabies

Question 11

Complications of Scabies

Answer 11

Secondary bacterial infection - Impetigo

Question 12

Diagnosis of Scabies

Answer 12

-Observing the characteristic burrows of the mites
-A sterilized needle can be used to explore the pearly bump at the end of the burrow, remove its contents, and place it on a slide to be examined
-The mite itself may then be identified under a microscope

Question 13

Treatment and Management of Scabies

Answer 13

■Permethrin 5%
■ Malathion
■ Lindane lotion
■ 10% sulfur ointment
■ Neem oil
■ Tea tree oil at 5%
■ Ivermectin
■ chlorpheniramine

Question 14

Prevention and Control Measures of Scabies

Answer 14

■ All family and close contacts should be
treated at the same time, even if
asymptomatic.
■ Cleaning of environment should occur
simultaneously, as there is a risk of
reinfection.
■ Wash and hot iron all material (such
as clothes, bedding and towels) that
has been in proximity to a scabies
infestation.
■ Proper hygiene

Question 15

Infestation of lice (blood-feeding
ectoparasitic insects)

Answer 15

Pediculosis

Question 16

Causative agents

Answer 16

● Pediculus humanus capitis
● Pediculus humanus corporis
● Phthirus pubis

Question 17

MOT of Pediculus

Answer 17

Direct and Indirect Contact

Question 18

Predisposing Factors (Pediculus)

Answer 18

■ overcrowding
■ unsanitary conditions
■ poor hygiene

Question 19

Under signs and symptoms of Pediculosis characterized by
● Intense Itching
● Excoriation
● Matted, foul-smelling, lusterless hair
● Occipital and cervical lymphadenopathy

Answer 19

■ Pediculosis Capitis:

Question 20

Under signs and symptoms of Pediculosis characterized by
● Skin irritation from scratching
● Maculae caeruleae on the thighs or
upper body

Answer 20

Pediculosis Pubis

Question 21

What is the diagnosis of pediculosis wherein oval-grayish nits cannot be shaken loose?

Answer 21

Pediculosis Capitis - P.E.

Question 22

TRUE OR FALSE:
the closer the nits are to the shaft, the shorter the infection has been present

Answer 22

False: The longer the infection has been present

Question 23

What is the diagnosis test for pediculosis wherein characteristic skin lesions with nits are found on the clothing?

Answer 23

Pediculosis Corporis - P.E.

Question 24

What is the diagnosis test for pediculosis wherein nits are attached to pubic hair, which feel coarse and graining upon touch

Answer 24

Pediculosis Pubis - P.E.

Question 25

Treatment and Management of Pediculosis Capitis

Answer 25

● Permethrin cream rubbed into hair
then rinsed after 10 minutes
● Removal of nits using fine-tooth
comb dipped in vinegar
● Washing hair with ordinary
shampoo to remove excoriations

Question 26

Treatment and Management of Pediculosis Corporis

Answer 26

● Bathing with soap and water
● Clothes from infected clients
should be washed in hot water
then ironed
● If clothes can’t be washed or
changed, using 10% lindane
powder is effective

Question 27

Treatment and Management of Pediculosis Pubis

Answer 27

● Application of topical pediculocide
● Use of various agents like 0.5%
malathion emulsion, permethrin
cream, and lindane ointment
● Clothes and bedsheets must be
laundered to prevent reinfestation

Question 28

How many minutes should combs and brushes used by an infested person be soaked in hot water for disinfestation?

Answer 28

5-10 minutes

Question 29

Prevention and Control of Pediculosis

Answer 29

■Avoid head-to-head (hair-to-hair)
contact during play and other activities.
■ Do not share combs, brushes, or
towels.
■ Disinfest combs and brushes used by
an infested person by soaking them in
hot water for 5-10 minutes.
■ Do not lie on beds, couches, pillows, carpets, or stuffed animals that have
recently been in contact with an infested person.
■Machine wash and dry clothing, bed linens,
and other items that an infested person wore or used during the 2 days before treatment using the hot water (130°F) laundry cycle and the high heat drying
cycle.
■ Bathe regularly and change into properly
laundered clothes.
■ Do not share clothing, beds, bedding, and towels used an infested person.
■ Fumigation or dusting with chemical insecticides.
■ All sexual contacts of the infested person should be examined. All those
who are infested should be treated.
■ Sexual contact between the infested person(s) and their sexual partner(s) should be avoided until all have been
examined, treated as necessary, and reevaluated to rule out persistent
infestation.

Question 30

It is a parasitic disease infects most genera of warm-blooded animals, including humans, but the primary host is the feline (cat) family.

Answer 30

Toxoplasmosis

Question 31

Signs and Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis

Answer 31

■ Body aches
■ Swollen lymph nodes
■ Headache
■ Fatigue
■ Fever
■ Sore throat (occasional)
■ Maculopapular, and hemorrhagic
eruptions may occur

Question 32

Signs and Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis in babies

Answer 32

• Many early infections result in stillbirth or miscarriage.
• Infected newborns may not show symptoms until their teens or later, including hearing loss, mental retardation, or serious eye infections.

Question 33

What are the classic triad of signs included in congenital toxoplasmosis?

Answer 33

Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus
and Intracranial calcifications

Question 34

Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

Answer 34

■ Sabin-Feldman dye test
■ Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test
(IFAT)
■ Indirect Hemagglutination Test
■ Latex Agglutination Test
■ Modified Agglutination Test
■ ELISA test
■ Amniocentesis and UTZ

Question 35

Treatment of Toxoplasmosis

Answer 35

■ Sulfonamides and pyrimethamine
(Daraprim)
■ Spiramycin - for pregnant women

Question 36

Prevention and Control of Toxoplasmosis

Answer 36

■ Wash hands after handling meat.
■ Cook meat thoroughly.
■ Avoid adopting stray cats or kittens.
■ Proper management of cats
■ Gloves should be used while working
in the garden or handling soil.
■ Children’s sandboxes should be
covered when not in use.
■ Wash kitchen utensils thoroughly.
■ Wash all fruits and vegetables.
■ Avoid unpasteurized goat’s milk.

Question 37

What is the diarrheal infection of the small intestine in humans commonly known as beaver fever?

Answer 37

Giardiasis

Question 38

Most common intestinal parasite worldwide

Answer 38

Giardiasis

Question 39

Causative agent of Giardiasis

Answer 39

Giardia lamblia (enteric
protozoan parasite)