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MICROPARA FINALS > Digestive (GI TRACT) > Flashcards

Digestive (GI TRACT) Flashcards

HEHE

1
Q

Inflammation of the parotid glands

A

MUMPS

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2
Q

Other term for mumps

A

PAROTITIS

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3
Q

What gland is swollen when you have mumps?

A

PAROTID GLANDS

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4
Q

Causative agent of mumps that is COMMON - BENIGN

A

PARAMYXOVIRUS

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5
Q

Causative agent of mumps that is FEW-SEVERE

A

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

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6
Q

MUMPS (SIGNS & SYMPTOMS FOR THE PAROTID GLAND)

A

DISCOLORATION, PAIN, SWOLLEN

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7
Q

OTHER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS FOR MUMPS

A

DYSPHAGIA, FEVER, HEADACHE, MUSCLE ACHES

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8
Q

Mode of Transmission for Mumps

A

Direct contact - saliva or respiratory droplets
Close contact activities - sports, kissing, dancing

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9
Q

Diagnostic Examination

A

P.E., BUCCAL SWAB, RT-qPCR

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10
Q

Diagnostic Examination (Suppurative parotitis)

A

Nasopharyngeal swab, buccal swab, serum - bacterial culture

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11
Q

How many days do the VIRAL mumps disappear?

A

10 DAYS

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12
Q

T or F: VIRAL Mumps disappear on its own?

A

TRUE (T)

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13
Q

What antibiotic is taken for BACTERIAL mumps? and for how many days?

A

PENICILLIN (7 DAYS)

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14
Q

What medications is used for MUMPS?

A

ANALGESIC

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15
Q

What type of compresse/s are used for MUMPS?

A

COLD OR WARM

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16
Q

When there is testicular swelling in MUMPS, what should be done?

A

elevation and cold compression

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17
Q

list the management for MUMPS

A
  1. viral - disappears on its own for 10 days
  2. bacterial - penicillin for 7 days
  3. supportive care
  4. analgesic medication
  5. cold or warm compresses (swollen parotid glands)
  6. testicular swelling - elevation and cold compression
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18
Q

T or F: Mumps cause complications occasionally in INFANTS

A

FALSE (F) - ADULTS

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19
Q

Complications of mumps that can happen to males

A

ORCHITIS

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20
Q

Orchitis in males can lead to?

A

TESTICULAR ATROPHY

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21
Q

List all complications of MUMPS

A

orchitis
oophoritis/mastitis
pancreatitis
encephalitis
meningitis
deafness

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22
Q

Best prevention for MUMPS

A

VACCINATION (MMR 2 DOSES)

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23
Q

How many days should a pt with mumps be excluded from school or work?

A

9 days

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24
Q

Dental Caries is also known as

A

Tooth decay

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25
Q

demineralization of tooth resulting to formation of CAVITIES

A

dental caries

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26
Q

Causative Agent for dental caries

A

Oral Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci
*Streptococcus mutans
*Streptococcus sobrinus

Mixed species:
*Streptococcus spp.
*Lactobacilli
*Actinomyces

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27
Q

Give the assessment used for dental caries

A

*Cavity
*Halitosis
*Toothache
*Altered taste
*Discoloration
*Sensitivity

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28
Q

Mode of transmission for Dental Caries

A

Direct contact

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29
Q

Diagnostic Examination for Dental Caries

A

Dental check-up AND Dental x-ray

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30
Q

What is used for fillings of dental caries

A

fluoride

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31
Q

Give the 3 Management used for dental caries

A

*Fluoride fillings
*Extraction
*Root Canal

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32
Q

Give the 3 complications under Dental caries

clue: (G A S)

A

gingivitis
abscess
sepsis

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33
Q

What should be the mouthwash of a person to prevent dental caries?

A

chlorhexidine

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34
Q

What should be the angle of the bristles when brushing the teeth?

A

45 degrees

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35
Q

Shigellosis is also known as?

A

BACILLARY DYSENTERY

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36
Q

severe INFLAMMATORY disease characterized by EROSION of intestinal mucosa

A

shigellosis

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37
Q

causative agents of shigellosis

A

shigella dysenteriae
s. sonnei
s. boydii
s. flexneri

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38
Q

Signs and symptoms of shigellosis

A

*Diarrhea (may contain blood or mucus)
*fever
*Abdominal pain
*Tenesmus - is a feeling of being unable to empty the bowel or bladder

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39
Q

enumerate the steps how shigellosis b doin its job

A
  1. invasion
  2. phagosome lysis and macrophage apoptosis
  3. release of IL-1 and PMN transmigration
  4. shigella migration through disrupted tight junctions
  5. multiplication and intracellular spread
  6. epithelial cells die and fluids are lost
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40
Q

Mode of transmission for shigellosis

A

*4 F’s
*waterborne
*sexual contact

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41
Q

What are the 4 F’S of shigellosis

A

food, fomite, finger, flies

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42
Q

Diagnostic examination for shigellosis

A

stool examination
stool culture
rectal swab specimen (EMB or macConkey agar)

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43
Q

Management for shigellosis

A

Fluid and electrolyte replacement
Antimicrobial agents

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44
Q

What are the antimicrobial agents used for patients with shigellosis?

A

ciprofloxacin
ampicillin
doxycycline
TMP-SMZ (Bactrim)

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45
Q

What are the ingredients and measurements used for making homemade oresol? (topic:shigellosis)

A

1 liter water
4-5 tsp of sugar
1/2 tsp salt

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46
Q

Complications of Shigellosis

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Rectal prolapse
Seizures
Toxic Megacolon
Severe dehydration

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47
Q

Gastroenteritis is also known as? (GIVE 2)

A

Intestinal flu
Traveller’s Diarrhea

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48
Q

Acute inflammation of the stomach and intestine

A

Gastroenteritis

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49
Q

Causative agent for Gastroenteritis

A

Virus
*Adenovirus
*Rotavirus
*Norovirus
*AstroVirus
Bacteria
*Escherichia coli
*Campylobacter jejuni

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50
Q

Signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis

A

diarrhea
abdominal pain
abdominal cramps
flatulence
anorexia
fever
blood in stool in some cases
vomiting

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51
Q

Mode of transmission of gastroenteritis

A

fecal-oral route
foodborne
waterborne
direct contact (person to person)

52
Q

diagnostics for gastroenteritis

A

fecalysis
blood culture

53
Q

Management for gastroenteritis

A

oral rehydration
ivf replacement
antiemetic
antipyretic
antispasmodic

54
Q

Match the following:
antiemetic: acetaminophen (Tylenol)
antipyretic: metoclopramide (Plasil)
antispasmodic: butylscopolamine (buscopan)

A

antiemetic:metoclopramide (Plasil)
antipyretic: acetaminophen (Tylenol)
antispasmodic: butylscopolamine (buscopan)

55
Q

Complications of gastroenteritis

A

chronic diarrhea
sepsis
systemic infection
dehydration

56
Q

Prevention of gastroenteritis

A

rotateq vaccine

57
Q

what kind of vaccine is rotateq?

A

live, attenuated

58
Q

How many doses of rotateq for gastro?

A

3 doses

59
Q

When to take the first dose of rotateq for gastro?

A

6 weeks of age

60
Q

How many weeks is the interval per dose of rotateq for gastro?

A

4 weeks

61
Q

what are the side effects of the rotateq vaccine?

A

fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes

62
Q

Typhoid fever is also known as? (GIVE 2)

A

enteric fever and abdominal typhus

63
Q

Bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body affecting many organs

A

typhoid fever

64
Q

causative agent for typhoid fever

A

salmonella typhi
common cause = salmonella paratyphi

65
Q

pathognomonic sign for typhoid fever

A

rose spots

66
Q

Mode of transmission for typhoid fever

A

contaminated food and water

67
Q

Diagnostic examination for typhoid fever

A

widal test
blood culture
stool culture
typhidot

68
Q

This diagnostic examination rapidly checks for the presence of IgM or IgG

A

typhidot

69
Q

specimen for typhidot

A

blood

70
Q

Interpret:
+ IgM - IgG
+IgM +IgG

A

+ IgM - IgG = ACUTE INFECTION
+IgM +IgG = RECENT INFECTION

71
Q

Agglutinating antibodies against H and O antigens of s. typhi

A

widal test

72
Q

Management for typhoid fever

A

Oral rehydration
IVF replacement (d5nm)
Antibiotics

73
Q

Antibiotics for typhoid fever (3 c’s)

A

ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, cefixime

74
Q

complication of typhoid fever

A

peritonitis
dehydration

75
Q

is there a vaccination for typhoid?

A

yes, typhoid vaccine (TYPBAR)

76
Q

Cholera is also known as

A

El Tor

77
Q

acute diarrheal infection caused by ingesting contaminated food or water

A

cholera

78
Q

causative agent for cholera

A

vibrio cholerae

79
Q

What is the stool consistency of someone with cholera

A

rice water stools - profuse diarrhea

80
Q

signs and symptoms of cholera

A

rice water stool
hypotension
diarrhea
abdominal cramps
poor skin tugor

81
Q

mode of transmission of cholera

A

foodborne and waterborne

82
Q

diagnostic examination of cholera

A

microscopic examination - darkfield phase - contract microscopy

pasteur dipstick test (5mins)

83
Q

What is the specimen for pasteur dipstick test?

A

watery stool

84
Q

management for cholera

A

oral rehydration
ivf replacement -D5LR
antibiotics

85
Q

antibiotics for cholera

A

doxycycline
erythromycin
tetracycline

86
Q

complications of cholera

A

dehydration and shock

87
Q

is there a vaccine for cholera?

A

yes

88
Q

lesions that develop in the mucosal lining of the stomach or upper portion of the small intestine

A

peptic ulcer

89
Q

causative agent of peptic ulcer

A

helicobacter pylori

90
Q

signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer

A

diarrhea
epigastric pain
melena
hematemesis
vomiting
anorexia
pain in the back

91
Q

mode of transmission for peptic ulcer

A

direct contact
oral-fecal route

92
Q

Diagnostic examination for peptic ulcer

A

Barium swallow
EGD
Urea breath test

93
Q

rapid Dx for peptic ulcer

A

urea breath test

94
Q

what is swallowed during a urea breath test

A

carbon isotope

95
Q

a result of (+) radioactive CO2 indicates?

A

positive for h. pylori

96
Q

Management

A

Antacids and antibiotics

97
Q

Classification of peptic ulcers?

A

esophageal, gastric, duodenal

98
Q

complications of peptic ulcer

A

gastrointestinal obstruction
gastrointestinal perforation

99
Q

should a patient with peptic ulcer take NSAIDS?

A

NO

100
Q

common bacterial disease that infects the intestinal tract

A

salmonellosis

101
Q

Where do the salmonella spp live in animals and humans?

A

intestines, shed through the stools

102
Q

causative agent for salmonellosis

A

salmonella spp.

103
Q

signs and symptoms for salmonellosis

A

fever nausea vomiting headache blood in stools

104
Q

mode of transmission for salmonellosis

A

contaminated food and water, uncooked meat products

105
Q

diagnostic examination

A

biochemical tests
stool culture

106
Q

management for salmonellosis

A

antimicrobial therapy
rehydration

107
Q

complications of salmonellosis

A

enterocolitis
typhoid fever
septicemia

108
Q

infectious hepatitis

A

hepa a

109
Q

serum hepatitis

A

hepa b

110
Q

parenteral hepatitis

A

hepa c

111
Q

delta hepatitis

A

hepa d

112
Q

enteric hepatitis

A

hepa e

113
Q

causative agents for HEPA’S:
A,B,C,D,E

A

a - HAV
b - HBV
c - HCV
d - HDV
e - HEV

114
Q

What is the family of hepatovirus

A

picornaviridae

115
Q

mode of transmission for hepa a and hepa e

A

fecal-oral

116
Q

mode of transmission for hepa b and c

A

parenteral, sexual, insidious

117
Q

mode of transmission for hepa d

A

parenteral, sexual

118
Q

whats the color of the stool of a person with hepa c and hepa d

A

pale

119
Q

what color is the urine of a person with hepa b

A

dark

120
Q

what vaccine is used for person with hepa d

A

hepa b vaccine

121
Q

management for hepa d

A

pegylated interferon alpha

122
Q

management for hepa a and e

A

symptom management

123
Q

management for hepa b

A

antiviral medication
-tenofovir
-entecavir
-pegylated interferon

124
Q

management for hepa c

A

direct acting antivirals
-sofusbuvir
-ledipasvir
-velpatasir

125
Q

complication for hepatitis a and e

A

fulminant hepatitis

126
Q

complication for hepatitis b and d

A

liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure

127
Q

complication for hepatitis c

A

liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, cryoglobulinemia

MICROPARA FINALS (6 decks)

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