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MICROPARA FINALS > genitourinary system > Flashcards

genitourinary system Flashcards

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1
Q

a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary system

A

urinary tract infection

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2
Q

What part of the urinary system is affected by UTI

A

kidneys urethra bladder ureters

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3
Q

UPPER UTI (GIVE THE 2)

A

Ureteritis - ureters
Pyelonephritis - kidneys

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4
Q

LOWER UTI

A

urethritis - urethra
cystitis - bladder

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5
Q

most common causative agent for uti

A

e. coli

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6
Q

Why mas common ang uti sa females?

A

shorter urethra

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7
Q

what are the mechanical factors that cause uti

A

catheterization, sexual activity, obstruction (kidney stones), douching

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8
Q

metabolic disorder that causes uti

A

diabetes due to glucosuria

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9
Q

mode of transmission for uti

A

contact

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10
Q

incubation period of uti

A

3-8 days

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11
Q

signs and symptoms of uti

A

urinary frequency
urinary urgency
pain

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12
Q

urethritis pain:

A

dysuria (burning sensation)

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13
Q

cystitis

A

hypogastric/suprapubic

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14
Q

ureteritis and pyelonephritis

A

flank/groin

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15
Q

pyelonephritis signs and symptoms

A

costovertebral angle tenderness
hematuria/pyuria
fever and chills

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16
Q

complications of uti

A

sepsis
acute kidney injury
kidney damage

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17
Q

complications of uti female

A

inflamed uterus ovary fallopian; pelvic inflammatory disease

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18
Q

complications of uti male

A

inflammation of epididymis testicles prostate

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19
Q

What is the gold standard in the diagnostic procedure of someone with uti

A

GS CS - gram staining culture and sensitivity

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20
Q

diagnostic procedures of uti

A

GS CS
CBC
URINALYSIS
KUB Ultrasound
Intravenous pyelogram

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21
Q

what juice is good for prevention ng uti?

A

cranberry juice

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22
Q

should we shower or bath to prevent uti?

A

shower

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23
Q

treatment and management for uti

A

antibiotic therapy
fluid replacement
analgesics
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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24
Q

zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted through urine of infected animals

A

leptospirosis

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25
Q

leptospirosis is also known as?

A

Weil’s disease

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26
Q

Causative agent for leptospirosis

A

leptospira interrogans
leptospira spp.

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27
Q

risk factors of lepto

A

*occupation: sewage workers, farmers, miners
*location: rat infested, flood prone
*open wound to contaminated waters and soil
*swimming in contaminated water

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28
Q

mode of transmission lepto

A

contact with infected animal urine
vehicle - contaminated water/soil
vector - rodents/wild animals

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29
Q

incubation period of lepto

A

2-30 days

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30
Q

how many days ‘til the lepto illness occur after exposure?

A

5-14 days

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31
Q

T OR F: Lepto is a monophasic infection

A

FALSE (F) biphasic infection

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32
Q

What are the 2 phases of lepto?

A

leptospiremic phase and immune phase

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33
Q

What phase does lepto have mild fever and mild headache

A

immune phase

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34
Q

what phase does lepto have high fever and severe headache

A

leptospiremic phase

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35
Q

what phase jaundice occurs for patients with lepto

A

immune phase

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36
Q

complications of leptospirosis

A

hepatic failure
renal failure
meningitis

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37
Q

What is the gold standard in the diagnostic procedure of someone with LEPTO

A

Microscopic Agglutination test

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38
Q

Diagnostic procedures for lepto

A

dark field microscopy
serology
*microscopic agglutination test
*ELISA
*PCR

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39
Q

antibiotic for mild lepto. also serves as prophylaxis for exposure

A

doxycycline

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40
Q

antibiotic for SEVERE lepto

A

penicillin G

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41
Q

dialysis under lepto

A

azotemia

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42
Q

sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by vesicles and papules in the external genitalia

A

genital herpes

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43
Q

genital herpes is also known as?

A

herpes genitalis

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44
Q

causative agent for genital herpes

A

herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV 1 AND 2)

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45
Q

sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by growths or bumps on the genital area

A

genital warts

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46
Q

genital warts is also known as?

A

condylomata acuminata

47
Q

causative agent for genital warts

A

human papillomavirus (HPV)

48
Q

RISK FACTORS for genital herpes and warts

A

unprotected sex
early age of being sexually active
weak immune system
multiple sex partners

49
Q

incubation period for genital herpes

50
Q

incubation period for warts

A

1-8 months but can take years

51
Q

MOT genital herpes

A

sexual contact
vertical transmission
oral contact
asymptomatic shedding

52
Q

MOT genital warts

A

sexual transmission
vertical transmission
autoinoculation
fomites

53
Q

*Slightly tender papule that ulcerates over 1 - several weeks
*itching
*dysuria
*fever and body pain
*swollen lymph nodes

A

genital herpes

54
Q

*small, hard, benign lesions
*cauliflower like shape, cluster of warts
*itching and discomfort
*dyspareunia

A

genital warts

55
Q

Complications of genital warts

A

cervical or vulvar cancer

56
Q

complications of genital herpes

A

*meningitis, encephalitis
*proctitis, urethritis
*secondary sti

57
Q

diagnostic procedure for genital herpes

A

tzank smear
pcr, viral culture
immunofluoresence

58
Q

diagnostic procedure for genital warts

A

papanicolau smear
dna test

59
Q

vaccine for genital warts

A

HPV vaccine

60
Q

treatment for genital herpes

A

antiviral: acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

61
Q

treatment for genital warts

A

cryotherapy
surgical removal
imiquimod cream and podofilox gel

62
Q

sexually transmitted infection characterized by firm, round, painless sores on genitals, rectum, and mouth

63
Q

causative agent for syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

64
Q

risk factors for syphilis

A

unprotected sex
early age of being sexually active
multiple sexual partners
infected blood transfusion
weak immune system

65
Q

mode of transmission

A

direct sexual contact
vertical transmission
blood transfusion

66
Q

incubation period of syphilis

A

10-90 days

67
Q

Give the stages of adult syphilis

A

primary syphilis
secondary syphilis
latent syphilis
tertiary syphilis

68
Q

signs and symptoms for primary syphilis

69
Q

These are hard painless papule that becomes ulcer with well-delineated borders in syphilis

70
Q

signs and symptoms for secondary syphilis

A

*condylomata lata
*body rash
*flu like symptoms
*lymphadenopathy

71
Q

signs and symptoms for latent syphilis

A

asymptomatic

72
Q

signs and symptoms for tertiary (late) syphilis

A

*gummas
*aortic aneurysm
*neurosyphilis

73
Q

signs and symptoms for EARLY congenital syphilis

A

*initially asymptomatic
*runny nose
*rash
*condylomata lata
*hepatosplenomegaly

74
Q

signs and symptoms for LATE congenital syphilis

A

*8TH nerve deafness with both and teeth deformities
*saddle nose
*saber’s chin
*hutchinson’s teeth
*moon’s molars

75
Q

complications of syphilis

A

organ damage
multi-organ failure

76
Q

diagnostic prodedure

A

dark field microscopy
serology

77
Q

treatment for syphilis

A

antibiotic
benzathine penicillin G
doxycycline if allergic to penicillin

78
Q

fungal infection characterized by superficial white patches along oral and vaginal mucosa

A

candidiasis

79
Q

oral candidiasis is also known as?

A

thrush or moniliasis

80
Q

causative agent of candidiasis

A

candida albicans

81
Q

risk factors for candidiasis

A

*prolonged use of antibiotics and corticosteroids
*weakened immune system
*hiv aids, diabetes, cancer
*infancy <6 months
*long term hospitalization
*pregnancy and hormonal changes

82
Q

MOT of candidiasis

A

*direct contact
*vertical transmission during CHILDBIRTH

83
Q

incubation period for oral candidiasis

84
Q

incubation period for vaginal candidiasis

A

2 days - >1week

85
Q

signs and symptoms for oral candidiasis

A

*white cheese/curd like tongue
*cracking
*burning sensation/tenderness
*pruritus
*loss of taste

86
Q

signs and symptoms for vaginal candidiasis

A

*white cottage cheese curd like discharge
*itching and irritation
*redness and swelling
*rash

87
Q

diagnosis for candidiasis

A

P.E.
swab and culture
microscopy with KOH

88
Q

complication for candidiasis

A

sepsis- candidemia

89
Q

what antibiotics should a person with candidiasis should use

A

narrow spectrum antibiotics

90
Q

T or F: person with candidiasis should douch and use tight moist clothing

91
Q

Treatment for candidiasis

A

Antifungal:
nystatin (mycostatin)
clotrimazole (canesten)
amphotericin B (fungizone)

92
Q

sexually-transmitted bacterial infection that causes infection in the genitals, rectum, throat

93
Q

causative agent for gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

94
Q

sexually transmitted bacterial infection that can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy

95
Q

causative agent for chlamydia

A

chlamydia trachomatis

96
Q

risk factors for gonorrhea and chlamydia

A

sexually active
engaged in unprotected oral, vaginal, anal sex
multiple sexual partners
history of STI’S
pregnancy

97
Q

incubation period for gonorrhea

98
Q

incubation period for chlamydia

99
Q

MOT for gonorrhea and chlamydia

A

sexual contact
vertical transmission during CHILDBIRTH

100
Q

diagnostic procedure for gonorrhea

A

Modified thayer-martin culture
nucleic acid amplification test

100
Q

diagnostic procedure for chlamydia

A

nucleic acid amplification test

101
Q

the primary site of infection sa males with gonorrhea

102
Q

the primary site of infection sa females with gonorrhea

103
Q

T or F: Gonorrhea is not asymptomatic at early stage

A

F, its asymptomatic at early stage

104
Q

signs and symptoms for males with gonorrhea

A

purulent yellow-green discharge
dysuria
swollen testicles

105
Q

signs and symptoms for females with gonorrhea

A

purulent yellow-green discharge
dysuria
abdominal pain

106
Q

signs and symptoms for females with chlamydia

A

white watery discharge with foul smell
dysuria

107
Q

signs and symptoms for males with chlamydia

A

white watery discharge with foul smell
dysuria
swollen testicles

108
Q

complications for females with gonorrhea and chlamydia

A

pelvic inflammatory disease
infertility, stricture of fallopian tube
ectopic pregnancy

109
Q

complications for males with gonorrhea and chlamydia

A

epididymitis, proctitis
infertility

110
Q

what prophylaxis is used sa newborns para ‘di sila magkaroon ng gonorrhea and chlamydia?

A

erythromycin

111
Q

treatment for gonorrhea

A

ceftriaxone
ciprofloxacin
cefixime
ofloxacin

112
Q

treatment for chlamydia

A

azithromycin
doxycycline
erythromycin

MICROPARA FINALS (6 decks)

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