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MICROPARA FINALS > Infectious Disease of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Infectious Disease of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Acute, contagious, streptococcal infection affecting the pharynx, larynx, and tonsils

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis

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2
Q

Examples of infectious diseases affecting the pharynx, larynx, and tonsil

A

Strep Throat
Sore Throat

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3
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Etiologic agent

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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4
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Mode of transmission

A

Droplet & Contact

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5
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Assessment
(Philip Took Durian Cake From Mary)

A

Pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Dysphagia
Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Fever
Malaise

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6
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Complications
(Some Ores Reap Aluminum)

A

Sinusitis
Otitis Media
RHD (Rheumatic Heart Disease)
AGN (Acute Glomerulonephritis)

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7
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Diagnosis

A

P.A. (Posteroanterior)
Throat Culture

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8
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Treatment
(Betty Sold Lemon Squares Per Cent Everyday)

A

Bed Rest
Saline Gargle
Lozenges
Soft Diet
Penicillin / Cephalosporin / Erythromycin

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9
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Prevention
(1) ______
(2) Avoid close contact with _______
(3) Avoid frequent touching of ______
(4) Cover _______
(5) Avoid sharing ______

A

(1) Hand washing
(2) infected pt
(3) nose, and mouth
(4) mouth when coughing & sneezing
(5) personal items

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10
Q

Infection and inflammation of the lung parenchyma

A

Pneumonia

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11
Q

Pneumonia: Bacterial Etiologic Agent
(Sammy Played Kickball, Picked Peaches, and Ate)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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12
Q

Pneumonia: Viral Etiologic Agent
(Rabbits Chase Insects)

A

RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
CMV (Cytomegalovirus)
Influenza virus

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13
Q

Pneumonia: Fungal Etiologic Agent
(Playful Cats Chase Nimble Hummingbirds Carefully)

A

Pneumocystis carinii
Cryptococcus neoformans
Histoplasma capsulatum

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14
Q

Pneumonia: Mode of transmission

A

DROPLET
ASPIRATION
HEMATOGENOUS

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15
Q

Pneumonia: Risk factors
(Sam Observed Penguins In Polar Ice)

A

Smoking
Old Age
Primary Respiratory Infection Immunosuppression
Post-Op Pt
Immobilization

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16
Q

Pneumonia: Mode of Acquisition

A

CAP: Community-acquired Pneumonia
HAP: Hospital-acquired Pneumonia

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17
Q

Pneumonia: Location of Affected Area

  1. ________ - affects the bronchi
  2. ________ - affects the lobes of the lung
A

(1) Bronchopneumonia
(2) Lobar Pneumonia

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18
Q

Pneumonia: Assessment
(Friendly Mice Make Perfect Dinner Time Pals)

A

Fever
Malaise (discomfort)
Myalgia (muscle pain)
Productive Cough
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Pleuritic Chest Pain

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19
Q

Pneumonia: Complications
(Hairy Rabbits Leap Playfully Past Squirrels)

A

Hypoxemia
Respiratory Failure
Lung Abscess
Pleural Effusion
Pericarditis
Sepsis

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20
Q

Pneumonia: Diagnosis
(Peter Swiftly Caught Wild Parrots)

A

P.A. (Posteroanterior)
Sputum Exam
CXR (Chest X-ray)
WBC Differential
PFT (Pulmonary Function Test)

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21
Q

Pneumonia: Treatment
(An Owl Silently Circles, Making Happy Hoots Blissfully)

A

Antibiotics
Oxygen Therapy
Suctioning
Coughing & Deep Breathing Exercises
Mechanical Ventilation
Hydration
High-Calorie Diet
Bed Rest

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22
Q

Pneumonia: Antibiotic Treatment
(A Tiny Unicorn Trotted)

A

Co-Amoxiclav
Co-Trimoxazole
Unasyn
Tazocin

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23
Q

Pneumonia: Prevention
(Small Ducks Rest Near Elegant Sunny Dandelions)

A

Standard Precaution
Droplet Precaution
Rest
Nutrition
Exercise
Smoking cessation
Discriminate Use of Antibiotics

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24
Q

Zoonotic, pandemic, contagious infection resulting to viral pneumonia

A

Avian Flu
Swine Flu

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25
Q

Examples of zoonotic, pandemic, contagious infection resulting to viral pneumonia

A

H5N1
BIRD FLU

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26
Q

Avian Flu: Etiologic Agent

A

Influenza Virus Type A
Subtype H5N1

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27
Q

Avian Flu: Mode of Transmission

A

Contact

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28
Q

Avian Flu: Assessment
(Frank Helped Fred Make Pizza Rapidly)

A

Fever
Headache
Fatigue
Myalgia (muscle pain)
Pharyngitis
Rhinorrhea (excess nasal mucus production)

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29
Q

Avian Flu: Complications

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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30
Q

Avian Flu: Diagnosis

A

P.A.
Throat Culture

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31
Q

Avian Flu: Treatment
(Big Pandas Gently Drink Icewater)

A

Bed rest
Paracetamol
Guaifenesin
Dextromethorphan
Increase fluid intake

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32
Q

Avian Flu: Treatment

  1. ________ (Tamiflu)
  2. ________ (Relenza)
A

(1) Oseltamivir
(2) Zanamivir

33
Q

Avian Flu: Prevention
(Careful Ants Run Near Every Apple Pie)

A

Contact Precaution
Airborne Precaution
Rest
Nutrition
Exercise
Avoid close contact with infected pt
Proper handling and disinfection of poultry

34
Q

Swine Flu: Etiologic Agent

A

Influenza Virus Type A
Subtype H1N1

35
Q

Swine Flu: Mode of Transmission

A

DROPLET
CONTACT

36
Q

Swine Flu: Assessment
(Friendly Hedgehogs Made Many Awesome Nests Very Diligently)

A

Fever
Headache
Malaise (discomfort)
Myalgia (muscle pain)
Anorexia
N/V (Nausea & Vomiting)
Diarrhea

37
Q

Swine Flu: Complications

A

PNEUMONIA
SEIZURES

38
Q

Swine Flue: Diagnosis

A

P.A.
H1N1 Test Strip

39
Q

Swine Flu: Treatment
(Bob Played Instruments Outside Zealously)

A

Bed rest
Paracetamol
Increase fluid intake
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Zanamivir (Relenza)

40
Q

Swine Flu: Prevention
(Careful Ants Run Near Every Apple Pie)

A

Contact Precaution
Airborne Precaution
Rest
Nutrition
Exercise
Avoid close contact with infected pt
Proper handling and disinfection of swines

41
Q

SARS

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

42
Q

SARS: Etiologic Agent

A

Coronavirus

43
Q

SARS: Mode of Transmission

A

DROPLET
CONTACT

44
Q

SARS: Assessment
(Harry Saw My Dog Near Paul’s Restaurant)

A

High Fever
Severe Headache
Myalgia
Dyspnea
Non-productive Cough
Pharyngitis
Rhinorrhea

45
Q

SARS: Complications

A

Respiratory Failure

46
Q

SARS: Diagnosis

A

P.A.
CXR (Chest X-ray)
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

47
Q

SARS: Treatment
(Birds In Orchards Charm Rabbits)

A

Bed rest
Increase fluid intake
O2 Administration
Corticosteroids
Ribavirin (Rebetol)

48
Q

SARS: Prevention
(Sally Cooked Delicious Ramen)

A

Source Isolation
Contact Precaution
Droplet Precaution
Reporting of all suspected cases

49
Q

A highly infectious disease caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2

A

COVID-19

50
Q

COVID-19: Variants
(A Big, Delicious, Oyster)

A

Alpha Variant
Beta Variant
Delta Variant
Omicron Variant (milder diseases)

51
Q

COVID-19: Incubation Period
- Subsequent exposure to COVID-19 after ______ may lead to range of symptoms (mild to severe)

A

2-14 days

52
Q

COVID-19: Signs & Symptoms
(Frank Carefully Studied Four Massive Horses Near Six Cheerful Napping Ducks)

A

Fever or chills
Cough
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Fatigue
Muscle or body aches
Headache
New loss of taste or smell
Sore throat
Congestion or runny nose
Nausea or vomiting
Diarrhea

53
Q

COVID-19: Complications
(A Kangaroo Bounced Swiftly)

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Kidney Injury
Blood clots
Shock (may it be caused by infections or heart problems)

54
Q

COVID-19: Diagnosis
(Allan Races Cars)

A

Antigen Test
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) - standard method
CXR (Chest X-ray)

55
Q

Considered as the “gold standard” for COVID-19 testing; this is a type of nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) which is most likely to detect the virus

A

PCR Test

56
Q

Viral tests look for a current infection with (1) ______ , the virus that causes COVID-19, by testing specimens from your (2) ______.

A

(1) SARS-CoV-2
(2) nose or mouth

57
Q

COVID-19: Treatment & Management
(A Beautiful Insect)

A

Administration of antiviral medication
Bed rest
Isolation

58
Q

COVID-19: Prevention
(Happy Frogs Visit)

A

Hand hygiene
Face mask (preferably N95)
Vaccination

59
Q

A bacterial infection targeting the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract

A

Diptheria

60
Q

Diptheria: Etiologic Agent

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

61
Q

Diptheria: Signs & Symptoms
(Sarah Baked Nutella)

A

Sore throat
Breathing problems
Nasal discharge

62
Q

Hallmark feature of diptheria in the throat and tonsils

A

Thick and gray pseudomembrane

63
Q

Diptheria: Complications
(Monkeys Nap Around)

A

Myocarditis
Nerve damage
Airway obstruction

64
Q

Gold standard; an in vitri test of virulence performed on specimens of Corynebacterium diptheriae

A

Elek’s Test

65
Q

Diptheria: Treatment & Management

A

Penicillin
Erythromycin

66
Q

Diptheria: Prevention

A

DTaP Vaccine (Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)

67
Q

When are the doses of DTaP vaccines

A

Doses at 2, 4, and 6 months of life

68
Q

Also called whooping cough, is a highly contagious infection in the lower respiratory tract

A

Pertussis

69
Q

Pertussis: Etiologic Agent

A

Bordetella pertussis

70
Q

Pertussis: Signs & Symptoms
(Rabbits Chase New Rabbits for Fun)

A

Runny nose
Cough (whooping sound caused by rapid and forced exhalation of air in the lungs)
Nasal congestion
Red, watery eyes
Fever

71
Q

How long does the signs and symptoms of pertussis develop?

A

7-10 days

72
Q

Pertussis: Stages
- Mild manifestation of cold, runny nose, mild fever and cough; most contagious stage

A

Catarrhal Stage

73
Q

Pertussis: Stages
- Last for 2-10 weeks; whooping sound starts to show associated with bulging of eyes and neck vein engorgement d/t pressure

A

Paroxysmal Stage

74
Q

Pertussis: Stages
- Recovery phase; patient is no longer contagious

A

Convalescent Stage

75
Q

Pertussis: Complications for Adults
(Hairy Cat’s Ass)

A

Hemorrhage - in brain/eyes/skin/mucous membrane
Cracked ribs
Abdominal hernias – d/t increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP)

76
Q

Pertussis: Complications for Infants
(Penguins Swiftly Approach Slippery Beachs)

A

Pneumonia
Slowed breathing
Anorexia – severely decreased appetite
Seizures
Brain damage – d/t increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

77
Q

Pertussis: Prevention

A

DTaP Vaccine (Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)

78
Q

Pertussis: Treatment and Management
(Elephant’s Cheerfully Ate)

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

MICROPARA FINALS (6 decks)

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