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MICROPARA FINALS > Infectious Disease of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Infectious Disease of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Acute, contagious, streptococcal infection affecting the pharynx, larynx, and tonsils

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis

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2
Q

Examples of infectious diseases affecting the pharynx, larynx, and tonsil

A

Strep Throat
Sore Throat

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3
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Etiologic agent

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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4
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Mode of transmission

A

Droplet & Contact

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5
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Assessment
(Philip Took Durian Cake From Mary)

A

Pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Dysphagia
Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Fever
Malaise

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6
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Complications
(Some Ores Reap Aluminum)

A

Sinusitis
Otitis Media
RHD (Rheumatic Heart Disease)
AGN (Acute Glomerulonephritis)

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7
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Diagnosis

A

P.A. (Posteroanterior)
Throat Culture

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8
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Treatment
(Betty Sold Lemon Squares Per Cent Everyday)

A

Bed Rest
Saline Gargle
Lozenges
Soft Diet
Penicillin / Cephalosporin / Erythromycin

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9
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Prevention
(1) ______
(2) Avoid close contact with _______
(3) Avoid frequent touching of ______
(4) Cover _______
(5) Avoid sharing ______

A

(1) Hand washing
(2) infected pt
(3) nose, and mouth
(4) mouth when coughing & sneezing
(5) personal items

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10
Q

Infection and inflammation of the lung parenchyma

A

Pneumonia

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11
Q

Pneumonia: Bacterial Etiologic Agent
(Sammy Played Kickball, Picked Peaches, and Ate)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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12
Q

Pneumonia: Viral Etiologic Agent
(Rabbits Chase Insects)

A

RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
CMV (Cytomegalovirus)
Influenza virus

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13
Q

Pneumonia: Fungal Etiologic Agent
(Playful Cats Chase Nimble Hummingbirds Carefully)

A

Pneumocystis carinii
Cryptococcus neoformans
Histoplasma capsulatum

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14
Q

Pneumonia: Mode of transmission

A

DROPLET
ASPIRATION
HEMATOGENOUS

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15
Q

Pneumonia: Risk factors
(Sam Observed Penguins In Polar Ice)

A

Smoking
Old Age
Primary Respiratory Infection Immunosuppression
Post-Op Pt
Immobilization

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16
Q

Pneumonia: Mode of Acquisition

A

CAP: Community-acquired Pneumonia
HAP: Hospital-acquired Pneumonia

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17
Q

Pneumonia: Location of Affected Area

  1. ________ - affects the bronchi
  2. ________ - affects the lobes of the lung
A

(1) Bronchopneumonia
(2) Lobar Pneumonia

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18
Q

Pneumonia: Assessment
(Friendly Mice Make Perfect Dinner Time Pals)

A

Fever
Malaise (discomfort)
Myalgia (muscle pain)
Productive Cough
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Pleuritic Chest Pain

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19
Q

Pneumonia: Complications
(Hairy Rabbits Leap Playfully Past Squirrels)

A

Hypoxemia
Respiratory Failure
Lung Abscess
Pleural Effusion
Pericarditis
Sepsis

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20
Q

Pneumonia: Diagnosis
(Peter Swiftly Caught Wild Parrots)

A

P.A. (Posteroanterior)
Sputum Exam
CXR (Chest X-ray)
WBC Differential
PFT (Pulmonary Function Test)

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21
Q

Pneumonia: Treatment
(An Owl Silently Circles, Making Happy Hoots Blissfully)

A

Antibiotics
Oxygen Therapy
Suctioning
Coughing & Deep Breathing Exercises
Mechanical Ventilation
Hydration
High-Calorie Diet
Bed Rest

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22
Q

Pneumonia: Antibiotic Treatment
(A Tiny Unicorn Trotted)

A

Co-Amoxiclav
Co-Trimoxazole
Unasyn
Tazocin

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23
Q

Pneumonia: Prevention
(Small Ducks Rest Near Elegant Sunny Dandelions)

A

Standard Precaution
Droplet Precaution
Rest
Nutrition
Exercise
Smoking cessation
Discriminate Use of Antibiotics

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24
Q

Zoonotic, pandemic, contagious infection resulting to viral pneumonia

A

Avian Flu
Swine Flu

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25
Examples of zoonotic, pandemic, contagious infection resulting to viral pneumonia
H5N1 BIRD FLU
26
Avian Flu: Etiologic Agent
Influenza Virus Type A Subtype H5N1
27
Avian Flu: Mode of Transmission
Contact
28
Avian Flu: Assessment (Frank Helped Fred Make Pizza Rapidly)
Fever Headache Fatigue Myalgia (muscle pain) Pharyngitis Rhinorrhea (excess nasal mucus production)
29
Avian Flu: Complications
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
30
Avian Flu: Diagnosis
P.A. Throat Culture
31
Avian Flu: Treatment (Big Pandas Gently Drink Icewater)
Bed rest Paracetamol Guaifenesin Dextromethorphan Increase fluid intake
32
Avian Flu: Treatment 1. ________ (Tamiflu) 2. ________ (Relenza)
(1) Oseltamivir (2) Zanamivir
33
Avian Flu: Prevention (Careful Ants Run Near Every Apple Pie)
Contact Precaution Airborne Precaution Rest Nutrition Exercise Avoid close contact with infected pt Proper handling and disinfection of poultry
34
Swine Flu: Etiologic Agent
Influenza Virus Type A Subtype H1N1
35
Swine Flu: Mode of Transmission
DROPLET CONTACT
36
Swine Flu: Assessment (Friendly Hedgehogs Made Many Awesome Nests Very Diligently)
Fever Headache Malaise (discomfort) Myalgia (muscle pain) Anorexia N/V (Nausea & Vomiting) Diarrhea
37
Swine Flu: Complications
PNEUMONIA SEIZURES
38
Swine Flue: Diagnosis
P.A. H1N1 Test Strip
39
Swine Flu: Treatment (Bob Played Instruments Outside Zealously)
Bed rest Paracetamol Increase fluid intake Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Zanamivir (Relenza)
40
Swine Flu: Prevention (Careful Ants Run Near Every Apple Pie)
Contact Precaution Airborne Precaution Rest Nutrition Exercise Avoid close contact with infected pt Proper handling and disinfection of swines
41
SARS
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
42
SARS: Etiologic Agent
Coronavirus
43
SARS: Mode of Transmission
DROPLET CONTACT
44
SARS: Assessment (Harry Saw My Dog Near Paul's Restaurant)
High Fever Severe Headache Myalgia Dyspnea Non-productive Cough Pharyngitis Rhinorrhea
45
SARS: Complications
Respiratory Failure
46
SARS: Diagnosis
P.A. CXR (Chest X-ray) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
47
SARS: Treatment (Birds In Orchards Charm Rabbits)
Bed rest Increase fluid intake O2 Administration Corticosteroids Ribavirin (Rebetol)
48
SARS: Prevention (Sally Cooked Delicious Ramen)
Source Isolation Contact Precaution Droplet Precaution Reporting of all suspected cases
49
A highly infectious disease caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2
COVID-19
50
COVID-19: Variants (A Big, Delicious, Oyster)
Alpha Variant Beta Variant Delta Variant Omicron Variant (milder diseases)
51
COVID-19: Incubation Period - Subsequent exposure to COVID-19 after ______ may lead to range of symptoms (mild to severe)
2-14 days
52
COVID-19: Signs & Symptoms (Frank Carefully Studied Four Massive Horses Near Six Cheerful Napping Ducks)
Fever or chills Cough Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Fatigue Muscle or body aches Headache New loss of taste or smell Sore throat Congestion or runny nose Nausea or vomiting Diarrhea
53
COVID-19: Complications (A Kangaroo Bounced Swiftly)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Kidney Injury Blood clots Shock (may it be caused by infections or heart problems)
54
COVID-19: Diagnosis (Allan Races Cars)
Antigen Test Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) - standard method CXR (Chest X-ray)
55
Considered as the "gold standard" for COVID-19 testing; this is a type of nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) which is most likely to detect the virus
PCR Test
56
Viral tests look for a current infection with (1) ______ , the virus that causes COVID-19, by testing specimens from your (2) ______.
(1) SARS-CoV-2 (2) nose or mouth
57
COVID-19: Treatment & Management (A Beautiful Insect)
Administration of antiviral medication Bed rest Isolation
58
COVID-19: Prevention (Happy Frogs Visit)
Hand hygiene Face mask (preferably N95) Vaccination
59
A bacterial infection targeting the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract
Diptheria
60
Diptheria: Etiologic Agent
Corynebacterium diptheriae
61
Diptheria: Signs & Symptoms (Sarah Baked Nutella)
Sore throat Breathing problems Nasal discharge
62
Hallmark feature of diptheria in the throat and tonsils
Thick and gray pseudomembrane
63
Diptheria: Complications (Monkeys Nap Around)
Myocarditis Nerve damage Airway obstruction
64
Gold standard; an in vitri test of virulence performed on specimens of Corynebacterium diptheriae
Elek's Test
65
Diptheria: Treatment & Management
Penicillin Erythromycin
66
Diptheria: Prevention
DTaP Vaccine (Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)
67
When are the doses of DTaP vaccines
Doses at 2, 4, and 6 months of life
68
Also called whooping cough, is a highly contagious infection in the lower respiratory tract
Pertussis
69
Pertussis: Etiologic Agent
Bordetella pertussis
70
Pertussis: Signs & Symptoms (Rabbits Chase New Rabbits for Fun)
Runny nose Cough (whooping sound caused by rapid and forced exhalation of air in the lungs) Nasal congestion Red, watery eyes Fever
71
How long does the signs and symptoms of pertussis develop?
7-10 days
72
Pertussis: Stages - Mild manifestation of cold, runny nose, mild fever and cough; most contagious stage
Catarrhal Stage
73
Pertussis: Stages - Last for 2-10 weeks; whooping sound starts to show associated with bulging of eyes and neck vein engorgement d/t pressure
Paroxysmal Stage
74
Pertussis: Stages - Recovery phase; patient is no longer contagious
Convalescent Stage
75
Pertussis: Complications for Adults (Hairy Cat's Ass)
Hemorrhage - in brain/eyes/skin/mucous membrane Cracked ribs Abdominal hernias – d/t increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP)
76
Pertussis: Complications for Infants (Penguins Swiftly Approach Slippery Beachs)
Pneumonia Slowed breathing Anorexia – severely decreased appetite Seizures Brain damage – d/t increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
77
Pertussis: Prevention
DTaP Vaccine (Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)
78
Pertussis: Treatment and Management (Elephant's Cheerfully Ate)
Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin

MICROPARA FINALS (6 decks)

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