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Path review > Parasites of Mice > Flashcards

Parasites of Mice Flashcards

1
Q

Which lab animal species are susceptible to Giardia muris?

A

Rats, mice, hamsters, and other rodents

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2
Q

What are the clinical signs of Giardia muris?

A
  • often subclinical
  • (with heavy infestation): decreased weight, distended abdomen, sluggish movement, rough hair cout
  • immunodeficient mice may die during heavy infestation
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3
Q

T/F Giardia causes diarrhea in rodents.

A

False, it usually doesn’t

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4
Q

What is the treatment for Giardia muris

A

metronidazole in drinking water

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5
Q

Transmission of Giardia muris

A

fecal-oral

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6
Q

Susceptibility of G. muris

A
  • Susceptible: C3H/He***
  • Resistant: BALB/c C57BL/6

females < males (possibly due to more potent humoral response in females)

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7
Q

Gross lesions of G. muris

A

yellow or white watery fluid in intestines

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8
Q

Histopath of G. muris

A
  • often adhered to microvilli of enterocytes or residing in mucosal crevices / mucus
  • may see crypt:villus ratio reduced
  • increased # of inflammatory cells within lamina propria
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9
Q

Diagnosis of G. Muris

A
  • ID of trophozoite in sm. intestine or on fecal wet mounts (characteristic rolling and tumbling movements)
  • Serology
  • PCR
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10
Q

G. muris prevention

A
  • proper sanitation and management, adequate disinfection of infected rooms
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11
Q

Research complications of G. muris

A
  • accelerated cryptal cell turnover
  • suppressed immune response to sheep erythrocytes
  • severe/lethal infection previously noted
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12
Q

Where does Spironucleus muris like to reside

A
  • duodenum, typically in crypts of Lieberkuhn or in intervillous spaces
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13
Q

Clinical signs of S. muris

A
  • subclinical in normal mice
  • more pathogenic in young/stressed/immunocompromised mice
    — CLINICALLY EVIDENT infection more likely at 3-6 wks of age (dehydration, weight loss, poor hair coat, hunched posture, abdominal distention, diarrhea, +/- death

Typically more of a 2° issue than a 1° disease

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14
Q

Transmission of S. muris

A

fecal-oral

cross-infection possible between mice and hamsters, not rats though

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15
Q

Gross lesions of S. muris

A

watery, red-brown gaseous intestinal contents (not pathognomonic)

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16
Q

Histopath lesions of S. muris

A
  • distention of crypts and intervillous spaces; inflammatory edema of lamina propria
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17
Q

What is a good stain to help visualize organisms between enterocytes in the lamina propria?

A

Acid-Schiff staining

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18
Q

Diagnosis of S. muris

A
  • ID of trophozoites in GI tract
  • differentiate from G. muris by smaller size, horizontal/zigzag movements, and absence of suckling disk or undulating membrane
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19
Q

Treatment of S. muris

A

metronidazole in drinking water

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20
Q

Research complications of S. muris

A
  • can accelerate enterocytic turnover in small intestine
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21
Q

T/F: Tritrichomonas muris is pathogenic and will show clinical signs

A

False; it is nonpathogenic and will show no clinical signs, not even inflammation or necrosis

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22
Q

Preferred tissues of Eimeria falciformis

A

epithelial cells of large intestine

23
Q

clinical signs of Eimeria falciformis

A
  • diarrhea and catarrhal enteritis with heavy infections
24
Q

What organism causes renal coccidiosis in wild mice

A

Klossiella muris

25
Q

Gross lesions of Klossiella muris

A

Gray spots in heavily-affected kidneys

26
Q

histopathology of Klossiela muris

A
  • necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, and focal hyperplasia
  • destruction of tubular epithelium may impair renal physiology
27
Q

List three non-pathogenic protozoans

A
  • Entamoeba muris
  • Cryptosporidium parvum
  • Cryptosporidium muris
28
Q

What is a microsporidian that causes interstitial nephritis in rabbits and no clinical signs in mice?

A

Encephalitozoon cuninculi

29
Q

What is a useful stain to detect E. cuniculi

A

Goodpasture stains

Also Giemsa

30
Q

Big concern of E. cuniculi

A

zoonotic

31
Q

Diagnosis of E. cuniculi

A
  • Cytology of ascitic fluid smears
  • Histopath of brain w/ Goodpasture stain
  • ELISA serology
  • PCR assay may be useful
32
Q

What chain of events have to occur for Toxoplasma gondii or Sarcocystis muris to enter a vivarium

A

exposure to cat feces

33
Q

Which mouse strain can serve as the definitive host of Sarcocystis muris?

A

SCID mice

34
Q

T/F Toxoplasma gondii is gram-positive

A

False; it is gram-negative

35
Q

What are the two pinworms of note in mice

A
  • Syphacia obvelata
  • Aspiculuris tetraptera
36
Q

How can you differentiate the two pinworms of note in mice?

A
  • Syphacia obvelata: round esophageal bulb, eggs are flattened on one side w/ pointy ends (banana-shaped)
  • Aspiculuris tetraptera: elongated esophageal bulb; have four alae on head; eggs are bilaterally symmetic and ellipsoidal
37
Q

S. obvelata adults migrate to the ____ and deposit their eggs _____, while A. tetraptera adults lay their eggs ___. _______ eggs can be found on tape tests, while _____ cannot.

A
  • rectum
  • on perianal tissue
  • in the GI tract
  • S. obvelata
  • A.tetraptera
38
Q

Clinical signs of pinworm infestation

A
  • usually subclinical
  • if heavy burden: rectal prolapse, intussusception, enteritis, fecal impaction
39
Q

What is the term for louse infestation

A

Pediculosis

40
Q

What disease does Polyplax serrata historically transmit in lab mice?

A

Mycoplasma coccoides

41
Q

What is the term for fur mite infestations

A

Acariasis

42
Q

How would you know if a mouse with acariasis is alive or dead?

A

the mites move to the tips of the hair shafts to get away from the cooling carcass if the mouse is dead

43
Q

What do you need to know about your mice if you’re planning to treat them with ivermectin for mite infestation

A

Need to know if they are a strain with a leaky BBB, as Ivermectin easily crosses the BBB of those strains and can kill them

44
Q

What is the most common ectoparasite of lab mice?

A

Mycoptes musculinis

45
Q

What is the most clinically significant ectoparasite of mice? Why?

A
  • Myobia musculi
  • feeds on skin secretions and interstitial fluids, which can incite hypersensitivity dermatitis, esp. in C57BL/6 mice
46
Q

Differentiate the three fur mites of mice

A
  • Mycopties musculinis has a more chitinous exterior and ovular/round body
  • Myobia musculi has single-clawed 2nd pair of legs and is more elongated
  • Radfordia affinis has two unequal claws on 2nd pair of legs and is more elongated
47
Q

What two mites infest the hair follicles of mice?

A
  • Demodex musculi
  • Psorergates simplex
47
Q

What are the two tapeworms of note in mice

A
  • Rodentolepis nana
  • Hymenolepis diminuta
47
Q
  • What is the larval form of Taenia taeniformis and where can it be found in rats, mice, and hamsters
A

Cysticercus fasciolaris

in the liver

48
Q

What is the source of Cysticercus infections

A

Cat feces (mice and rats are intermediate hosts)

49
Q

T/F rodentolepis nana is zoonotic

A

true

50
Q

Rodentolepis nana has which type of life cycle

A

both direct and indirect possible

51
Q

How do you differentiate R. nana and H. diminuta eggs

A
  • R. nana eggs has three pairs of hooklets (rostellar hooks) and prominent polar filaments
52
Q

How do you differentiate R. nana and H. diminuta adults

A
  • R. nana has hooks on rostellum
  • H. diminuta has no rostellar hooks

Path review (9 decks)

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