Hamster Viruses Flashcards
What is HaPV?
Hamster Parvovirus
What is another name for Hamster parvovirus or HaPV?
Rodent Protoparvovirus-1 (RPV-1)
What age does HaPV typically affect?
suckling to weanling hamsters (up to 4 weeks)
Clinical signs of HaPV
- Usually subclinical
- High mortality in some cases
- Ataxia
- Diarrhea
- Runting and wasting
You see a hamster pup with enamel hypoplasia, what is one of your top differentials?
Hamster parvovirus
Gross findings of Hamster Parvovirus
- domed calvaria
- potbellied appearance
- marked discoloration, malformation, and absence of the incisor teeth
- hemorrhage in cerebrum and cerebellum
- thrombosis and transmural hemorrhage in small intestine leading to diarrhea
Histopathological findings of hamster parvovirus
- enamel hypoplasia of the incisor teeth, periodontitis, hemorrhage in the dental pulp
- multifocal cerebral malacia
- testicular hypoplasia w/ necrosis and mineralization of seminiferous tubules
- intranuclear inclusions in the endothelium
HaPV
1. transmission
2. diagnosis
3. treatment and prevention
4. research significance
- likely inhalation or ingestion of viral particles
- PCR
- quarantine / disinfection and depopulation / prevent infection by monitoring biologicals
- persistent infections
T/F HaPV is not related to mouse and rat parvoviruses
False; it is closely related; likely derived from mouse parvovirus 3
T/F Hamsters are susceptible to paroviruses from rats and mice
True
What lesions can form in hamsters with infections from other parvoviruses
- tooth loss and discoloration, facial bone deformities, diarrhea, ataxia, and stunted growth
- intestinal hemorrhage, petechial hemorrhages, pale spleen or liver, testicular hypoplasia, and cerebellar hypoplasia
What is another name for Hamster polyoma virus (HaPyV)
transmissible lymphoma
- What is the natural host of HaPyV?
- Which species is highly susceptible to HaPyV-induced tumors?
- European hamsters
- Syrian hamstesr
Review HaPyV in the European hamster
- they are the natural host
- they typical have a subclinical infection in spleen and kidneys
- persistently shed virus in urine
- DO NOT DEVELOP NEOPLASIA
Review HaPyV in the Syrian Hamster
- High susceptible to HaPyV-induced tumors (initially lymphoma, then trichoepithelioma once infection is enzootic)
- lymphoma and trichoepithelioma are very rare otherwise, so assume HaPyV-associated when ID’ed
Differeniate epizootic and enzootic HaPyV infections
Epizootic infections: lymphoma
- YOUNG hamsters
- Mesenteric LNn and GALT are most common sites, but may infiltrate other organs or LNNs
- Usually B-cell, but thymic masses are T-cell
- Latent virus (not infectious) within tumor cells
Enzootic infections: Trichoepitheliomas
- OLD hamsters
- face, feet, elsewhere
- infectious virus in keratinocytes
- virus still primarily shed in urine
HaPyV
1. Transmission
2. prevention and control
- shed in urine or in keratin from tumors
- maternal antibodies are protective but wane
- culling and decontamination, but virus is VERY stable in environment
- Susceptible to DNAase, phenols, and KOH, resistant to most other disinfectants
Which species is the primary reservoir of LCMV?
Which species is the most common source of human infection?
- mice
- hamsters
Clinical signs of LCMV in hamsters
- usually brief and subclinical in adults
- congenitally infected or newborn hamsters may or may not have clinical signs
— mass viral shedding
— persistent infections: runting, decreased activity, decreased reproductive performance, or slow wasting to death
Histopath findings of LCMV
- vasculitis
- glomerulonephritis from antigen-antibody complexes
- Lymphocytic inflammation in meninges, brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, lung, spleen
LCMV
1. Diagnosis
2. Transmission
- PCR (most common); Serology; test biologicals for virus
- Biologicals; all bodily fluids (especially Syrian hamsters); horizontal and vertical transmission (fomites not reliable form of spread)
LCMV
1. research impact
2. prevention and control
- Zoonotic (BSL-3 for hamsters) – direct contact or inhalation of aerosolized rodent excretions or secretions
- Regular testing and elimination of infected animals and biologicals; prevent access to wild rodents
Sources of Sendai Virus infection in hamsters
typically, other lab animal species via direct contact, fomites, or inhalation of aerosols
Gross findings of Sendai Virus in hamsters
- consolidation of lungs
Histopath findings of Sendai Virus in hamsters
- hyperplasia of nasal and bronchiolar epithelium
- peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrates (cuffs)
- peribronchiolar edema
- segmental necrotizing inflammation of airways
Sendai Virus
1. diagnosis
2. Prevention and control
- serology is preferred diagnostic for hamsters; can use PCR for biologicals
- sentinels may miss disease - fomites aren’t reliable
T/F hamsters do not have a hamster-specific adenovirus but do appear to be susceptible to adenoviruses of other species
True – they are typically subclinical unless immunocompromised
What are the two most significant viruses to hamster health
- Hamster parvovirus
- Hamster polyoma virus
What should you screen hamsters for when bringing them into your colonies?
- HaPV
- HaPyV
- LCMV
- Reovirus 3
- Sendai Virus
- Mouse Pneumonia virus (Pneumonia virus of mice)
