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Path review > Hamster Bacterial diseases > Flashcards

Hamster Bacterial diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are other names for Lawsonia intracellularis infections in hamsters

A
  • “Wet Tail”
  • Proliferative ileitis
  • Transmissible Ileal Hyperplasia
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2
Q

Wet tail has ____ morbidity and ____ mortality in _____. Susceptibility decreases from ______ weeks

A
  1. high
  2. high
  3. weanling hamsters
  4. 6-10
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3
Q

Clinical signs of Lawsonia intracellularis infection in hamsters

A
  • runting, emaciation, lethargy, unkempt hair coat, anorexia, dehydration
  • Foul-smelling, watery diarrhea, soiling of the perineum (“wet tail”)
  • rectal prolapse or intussusception
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4
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis - gross findings

A
  • abrupt segmental thickening of the ileum
  • prominent serosal nodules and fibrinous peritoneal adhesions
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5
Q

For how long are lesions d/t L. intracellularis hyperplastic?
What do they transition to afterwards

A
  1. ~ first 3 weeks
  2. inflammatory and necrotizing
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6
Q

Lawsonia cellularis - histopath findings

A
  • marked crypt and villus epithelial hyperplasia
  • varying degrees of necrosis and hemorrhage
  • crypt herniation, destruction, and inflammation
  • granulomatous inflammation
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7
Q

What stain would you use to ID Lawsonia intracellularis?

Where would you see the bacteria?

A
  1. Warthin-starry stain
  2. you’ll see clusters in the apical cytoplasm of enterocytes
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8
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis
1. diagnosis

  1. transmission
A
  1. Warthin-Starry stain of bacteria in apical cytoplasm; PCR of feces; Serology
  2. Fecal-oral route
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9
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis
prevention and control

A
  • Use trusted vendors
  • Quarantine and isolate hamsters with diarrhea
  • aggressive abx treatment with nutritional supplementation
  • depopulation and decontamination are most reliable control
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10
Q

Clinical signs of Clostridioides difficile enterotoxemia

A
  • profuse diarrhea
  • high mortality
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11
Q

What can cause an overgrowth and infection via Clostridioides difficile?

A

dysbiosis due to antibiotic or dietary changes; but can be spontaneous

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12
Q

Which antibiotics predispose a hamster to C. difficile enterotoxemia

A
  • gram (+) targeting-drugs (the mycins, cephalosporins, gentamicin, penicillin)
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13
Q

C. difficile - gross findings

A
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14
Q

C. difficile - histo lesions

A
  • acute pseudomembranous necrohemorrhagic thyphlitis with edema, leukocytic inflammation, and mucosal hyperplasia
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15
Q

Which syndrome is associated with the aftermath of clostridial enteropathy?

A

Cecal mucosal hyperplasia of uknown etiology

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16
Q

Cecal Mucosal hyperplasia of uknown etiology
1. affected ages
2. clinical signs
3. gross lesions

A
  1. suckling and weanling hamsters
  2. diarrhea, runting, high mortality
  3. cecum is congested, contracted, and opaque with mucosal hyperplasia
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17
Q

Causative agent of Tyzzer’s disease

A
  • Clostridium piliforme
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18
Q

Which types of hamsters are most affected by Tyzzer’s disease

A
  • weanling hamsters and immunocompromised hamsers
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19
Q

Where can you find lesions associated with Tyzzer’s disease

A
  • liver – multifocal hepatic necrosis w/ leukocytic infiltration; intracellular bundles of bacteria within hepatocytes at periphery of necrosis
  • intestine (lower ileum, cecum, colon) – edema of lamina propria with granulocytes; bacteria within enterocytes and smooth muscle cells
  • may also see multifocal granulomatous myocarditis
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20
Q

clinical signs of Tyzzer’s disease

A
  • diarrhea
  • ruffled hair coat
  • high mortality in susceptible animals
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21
Q

What stains can help to ID C. piliforme

A
  • Warthin-Starry stain
  • Giemsa staining
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22
Q

C. piliforme
1. transmission
2. diagnosis
3. Prevention and control

A
  1. oral ingestion of spores shed in feces
  2. ID bacteria inside cells; Giemsa or Silver stains
  3. isolation of affected animals; sanitation to remove spores
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23
Q

Which age of hamsters may be affected by Helicobacter?

A

aged hamsters

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24
Q

clinical signs of Helicobacter infection

A
  • usually subclinical
  • chronic wasting without diarrhea
25
Q

Gross lesions of Helicobacter

Which organs can be affected

A
  • combination of inflammation and epithelial hyperplasia
    — hyperplastic lesions may progress to dysplastic or neoplastic changes
  • gastritis (gastric adenocarcinoma)
  • Bile duct inflammation and hyperplasia, portal hepatitis and fibrosis (nodular dysplasia w/ H. bilis)
  • Pancreatitis
  • Proliferative and dysplastic typhlocolitis
    — mucosal thickening w/ epithelial hypertrophy and crypt hyperplasia
    — chronic lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic inflammation
  • stomach, liver, bile ducts, pancreas, colon
26
Q

Helicobacter
1. diagnosis

  1. transmission
A
  1. PCR; histology is characteristic
  2. fecal-oral; direct contact; fomites
27
Q

T/F some spp. of Helicobacter are zoonotic

A

true; can cause disease in immunocompromised people

28
Q

T/F Syrian hamsters are very susceptible to bacteremic S. enterica infectiosn

A

True

29
Q

T/F Salmonella enterica is not zoonotic

A

false; it is

30
Q

Clinical signs of Salmonellosis in hamster

A
  • depression
  • ruffled hair coat
  • anorexia
  • dyspnea
  • high mortality
31
Q

Salmonella enterica (hamster)
Gross findings

A
  • multifocal pinpoint pale foci in liver, patchy hemorrhage in lungs and lymph nodes
32
Q

Salmonella enterica (hamster)
histo findings

A
  • multifocal interstitial lung inflammation, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, septic thromboemboli in lungs
  • multifocal splenic necrosis or splenitis and necrotizing hepatitis with venous thrombosis
  • embolic glomerular nephritis
33
Q

What is a predominant feature of tularemia in hamsters

A

splenic involvement – enlarged spleen with multiple pale foci

34
Q

causative agent of tularemia

A

Francisella tularensis

35
Q

T/F francisella tularemia is not zoonotic

A

false; it is zoonotic

36
Q

Clinical findings of tularemia

A
  • very high mortality
  • hunched, ruffled fur, death within 48 hours
37
Q

Gross findings of francisella tularensis (hamsters)

A
  • splenomegaly w/ multiple pale foci, pulmonary hemorrhages, pale swollen livers
38
Q

Histo findings of francisella tularensis (hamsters)

A

lymohoid necrosis, multifocal hemorrhage, and intralesional bacteria

39
Q

Which ages of hamsters are susceptible to Cryptosporidium muris and parvum

A
  • infant and aged hamsters
    – aged hamsters shed higher # of oocysts for C. parvum
    – infants shed higher # of oocysts for C. muris
40
Q

Histopathological findings of cryptosporidium in hamsters

A
  • organisms attached to villus surface
  • villus attenuation, crypt hyperplasia in small intestine
41
Q

Which protozoal parasite can cause diffuse thickening of the small intestine, cecum, and colon

A

Giardia muris

42
Q

Giardia muris (hamsters)
- clinical signs

A
  • infections common but usually subclinical
  • chronic emaciation and diarrhea in aged hamsters
43
Q

Giardia muris (hamsters)
- gross findings

A
  • diffuse mural thickening of small and large intestine
44
Q

Giardia muris (hamsters)
- histo findings

A
  • pear-shaped to ellipsoidal trophozoites in crypts of duodenum (will cover brush borders of enterocytes and entire intestinal tract and colon in clinical cases)
  • lamina propria infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells
45
Q

Best stain for visualizing giardia muris

A

Giemsa

46
Q

What is the pinworm of the hamster

A

Syphacia mesocricetus
- broad cervical alae, ending halfway to esophageal bulb (round)
- long, pointed tail

47
Q

Clinical signs of syphacia mesocricetus

A

subclinical

48
Q

Where does Trichosomoides nasalis typically infect

A
  • nasal cavity
  • larvae within muscle cells
49
Q

Where do trichosomoides males like to live

A

within the uterus of the female worm

50
Q

ID the four tapeworms of hamsters

A
  • Taenia taeniaeformis
  • Hymenolepis diminuta
  • Rodentolepis nana
  • Rodentolepis microstoma
51
Q

Which hamster tapeworm can complete a direct life cycle in hamsters and gerbils?

A

Rodentolepis nana

52
Q

Locations of tapeworm infections

A
  • H. diminuta is in upper small intestine
  • Rodentolepis spp. are in lower small intestine
53
Q

Differentiate H. diminuta vs. R. nana

A

H. diminuta
- adults: prominent alae, no rostellar hooks present on scolex
- eggs: yellowish, spherical, no hooks or filaments

R. nana
- adults: armed rostellum
- eggs: 3 pairs of polar filaments; 2 membranes

54
Q

What are the two demodex mites of hamsters

A

Demodex aurati and demodex criceti

55
Q

Shape of D. aurati and D. criceti

Where are the preferred locations of D. aurati and D. criceti

A

D. aurati
- long, more cigar-shaped, typical demodex appearance
- deeper in the hair follicles

D. criceti
- bullet-shaped, 4 pairs of short, stubby legs, no setae, blunt posterior
- edge of affected lesions, more superficial than D. aurati

56
Q

Demodicosis in hamsters
1. predisposing factors
2. gross findings
3. histopath findings

A
  1. aged or immunodeficient hamsters; high parasite load in MALE hamsters
  2. scaling and alopecia over back, neck, and hindquarters
  3. hair follicles dilated and filled with mites and debris, minimal inflammation
57
Q

What is one of the cauasative agents of mange in hamsters?

what are the clinical signs

A
  • Notoedres muris; others are Notoedres cati, Notoedres notoedres
  • proliferative crusts on nose, feet, perianal areas, and ears
58
Q

What other mites can hamsters be host to?

A
  • Ornithonyssus bacoti (the tropical rat mite)
  • ornithonyssus sylvarium (northern fowl mite)

Path review (9 decks)

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