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Parasites > Parasites Introduction > Flashcards

Parasites Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are parasites?

A

Use hosts nutrients to survive and complete life cycle

Usually no benefit to host

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2
Q

Why should you clasify parasites in closely related groups?

A

1) similar life cycles and transmission

2) similar prevention and treatment

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3
Q

What are the three main groups of parasites?

A

1) protozoa
2) Helminths
3) Arthropods

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4
Q

How many cells are in protozoa

A

Single celled microscopic organisms

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5
Q

What are 2 main examples of protozoa

A

Giardia

Coccidia

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6
Q

What are the four types of protozoa

A

Flagellates
Ciliates
Amoeba
Sporozoan

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7
Q

How do protozoa move

A

Independently

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8
Q

How do protozoa thrive

A

Free living or parasitic

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9
Q

How do protozoa reproduce

A

Sexually and asexually

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10
Q

Are protozoa an endoparasite or ectoparasite

A

Endoparasite

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11
Q

What is an endoparasite

A

Parasite that lives inside its host

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12
Q

What is an ectoparasite

A

Lives on the outside of its host

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13
Q

What are Helminths?

A

Worms such as roundworms and tapeworms

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14
Q

How many cells in helminths

A

They are multi cellular

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15
Q

Is a helminth an endoparasite or an ectoparasite

A

Endoparasite - live inside body

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16
Q

What are the three main types of helminths

A

Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes

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17
Q

Can you see helminths?

A

You can see adults with naked eye

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18
Q

How do helminths thrive?

A

Free living or parasitic

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19
Q

What are arthropods

A

Bugs

Jointed legs

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20
Q

Are arthropods an ectoparasite or an endoparasite

A

Ectoparasite

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21
Q

Why are arthropods an ectoparasite

A

Thrive off skin and hair follicles

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22
Q

Examples of arthropods

A

Mites
Fleas
Lice
Ticks

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23
Q

How many arthropods are there

A

3/4 of all living organisms

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24
Q

How do arthropods thrive

A

Free living and parasitic

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25
Q

How do arthropods move

A

Jointed legs for movement

26
Q

Size of arthropods

A

Microscopic (mites)

Macroscopic

27
Q

Do worms rapidly grow and live in host

A

Do not grow rapidly in hosts

Females lay eggs which move onto other hosts

28
Q

How is the amount helminth infection determined? When is it bad?

A

Initial intake of parasite - how much/little

Bad when there is a lot of parasites

29
Q

When do helminth parasites become a problem?

A

Large numbers
Immunosuppressive
Puppies and kittens

30
Q

Two main groups of ectoparasites

A

Insects

Arachnids

31
Q

Describe insects

A

3 body parts (head/thorax/abdomen)
Wings and antennae
Fleas, flies, lice

32
Q

Describe arachnids

A

2 body parts(cephalothorax/abdomen)
No wings or antennae
Ticks and mites

33
Q

What are the five species of protozoa parasitic to dogs and cats

A

1) Giardia
2) Toxoplasma
3) cryptosporidium
4) coccidia
5) trichomonas

34
Q

Who does giardia affect

A

Dogs
Cats
People

35
Q

Who does toxoplasma affect

A

Most warm blooded animals

36
Q

Who does cryptosporidium affect

A

Many mammals

Zoonotic if people are immunosuppressed

37
Q

What is coccidia

A

Subclass of intracellular , spor forming , microscopic parasites

38
Q

How does coccidia survive

A

Need to live inside animal cell to survive and reproduce
Affects many animals including dogs and cats
Example: isospora

39
Q

Who does trichomonas affect

A

Dogs
Cats
Cattle
Not zoonotic

40
Q

What are the 5 classes of vertebrates?

A 
Fish 
Amphibians 
Reptiles 
Birds 
Mammals
41
Q

Describe the vertebrate fish

A

Ectothermic, aquatic
Scales/fins/lay eggs in water
Salmon, tuna

42
Q

Describe the vertebrate amphibians

A

Ectothermic
No scales, fins, feathers, fur
Needs to be moist to breath properly

43
Q

What 2 stages do amphibians have?

A

Lay eggs in water and become tadpoles
Tadpoles to intermediate stage
Become adults that can breathe out of water

44
Q

Examples of amphibians

A

Frogs
Toads
Salamanders
Newts

45
Q

Describe reptiles

A

Ectothermic

With scales and 3 chambered heart

46
Q

Where do reptiles lay eggs

A

On land

Some have live birth

47
Q

Examples of reptiles

A

Snakes
Turtles
Lizards

48
Q

Birds

A

Endothermic
Have feathers/wings
Four chambered heart

49
Q

Where do birds lay eggs?

A

On land

50
Q

Bird diet

A

Diverse diet

Seeds, fruit, nectar

51
Q

Bird examples

A

Jays
Hawks
Robins
Parrots

52
Q

Mammals

A

Endothermic can make their own heat

53
Q

What makes mammals special

A

Hair
Fur
Sweat glands
Mammary glands

54
Q

Examples of mammals

A 
Humans 
Dogs 
Ferrets
Cats 
Rabbits
55
Q

What’s the most common human protozoa parasite

A

Malaria

56
Q

How is malaria spread

A

Infected mosquito

Plasmodium

57
Q

Symptoms of malaria

A

Flu like
Severe - kidney/respiratory damage
Seizures
Death

58
Q

Can malaria be treated?

A

Can be treated if found early

59
Q

How to prevent malaria

A

Anti malarial medication when going into infected area

60
Q

Most common parasites

A 
Roundworms 
Lice 
Tapeworms 
Coccidia
Giardia 
Ear mites 
Nasal mites 
Demodex
61
Q

Less common parasites in Calgary

A 
Fleas 
Mange mites 
Walking dander 
Ticks 
Dog tapeworms
62
Q

Parasites common in other parts of Canada

A

Fleas
Tapeworms
Heartworm
Hookworm

Parasites (13 decks)

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