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Parasites > Ectoparasite > Flashcards

Ectoparasite Flashcards

1
Q

What species do fleas affect

A

Many species
Dog/cat/human/rabbit
Specific species can affect all other species

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2
Q

How long is the flea cycle and what different stages

A 
Eggs 
Larva 
Pups 
Adult 
2 weeks
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3
Q

What are flea living conditions

A

75-80F

70% humidity

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4
Q

How do females lay eggs?

A

Need blood meal to reproduce

20 eggs at a time up to 40 on pet fur

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5
Q

How do eggs contaminate the environment

A

Falls off fur as pet moves

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6
Q

What % of flea population is eggs

A

50%

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7
Q

When do flea eggs hatch

A

2 days to 2 weeks

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8
Q

Describe flea larvae

A

When larvae emerge, they survive off flea dirt

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9
Q

What is flea dirt

A

Pre digested blood

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10
Q

What do larvae turn into and how long does it take

A

Caccoons

5 days to several weeks

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11
Q

What % of flea population is the larvae

A

35%

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12
Q

What does the cocoon do

A

Protects pupae until environmental conditions are right for adult
Can take days to months

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13
Q

What % of flea population do cocoons make up

A

10% of flea population

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14
Q

Why is it hard to vacuum cocoons

A

Sticky coating

Resistant to disinfectant

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15
Q

How does adult flea emerge

A

When potential host sensed (body heat, vibrations)

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16
Q

When do adult fleas need to eat after being in a caccoon

A

After a few hours

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17
Q

Percentage of flea pop that adults make

A

5%

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18
Q

How long do adult fleas live

A

Weeks to months

All other stages are in the environment

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19
Q

Flea diagnoses

A

May see fleas themselves
Flea comb
Wipe with white towel for flea dirt (digested blood)

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20
Q

Why can fleas cause anemia

A

Need to ingest 15x body weight daily

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21
Q

How fast can a dog have a reaction to fleas

A

After one bite for an allergic dog p

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22
Q

Treatment for fleas

A 
Flea collars (careful with doses)
Kill adults: advantage multi (imidacloprid /moxidentin) dogs/cats 
Revolution (dogs/cats) selamectin :kills adults/inhibits eggs 
Advantix : imidacloprid /permethrin: dogs only
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23
Q

Who do you treat if your dogs all have fleas

A

All in contact animals

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24
Q

How long do you keep pets on drugs?

A

May need to keep on for several months

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25
Q

Fleas and environment

A

Disinfect environment to prevent reinfection

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26
Q

How do you disinfect flea environment

A

Vacuum, steam
Clean/wash bedding
Disinfect bowls
Put flea collar in vacuum , remove /replace bag often
Wash all bedding, clothes , covers weekly
Apply insecticide to home (products you buy or exterminator)

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27
Q

What kind of arthropod ate lice

A

6 legged

Insects

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28
Q

Sucking lice

A

Most common
Linognathus setosus
Dogs, suck blood
Cause more irritation to skin than chewing

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29
Q

Chewing lice

A

Trichodectes canis

Chew skin

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30
Q

Single and pleural lice

A

Single - louse

Pleural - lice

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31
Q

Are lice species specific

A

Other species can only have for short period

Accidental host

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32
Q

How long is the cycle of lice

A

21 day cycle entirely on pet

33
Q

Where do adult lice lay eggs

A

Adults lay eggs attached to hair

34
Q

What do lice eggs hatch into

A

Eggs hatch into nymphs (smaller than adults, look similar)

35
Q

What do lice nymph turn into

A

Nymph molt and become adults

36
Q

How are lice transferred

A

Transferred by direct contact

37
Q

Lice diagnoses

A

Can see adult lice with naked eye
Can look under microscope to identify
Can see nits (eggs) stuck to hair
Pet usually itchy

38
Q

Lice prevention

A

Revolution/advantage multi if going other places with dogs
Maintain good hygiene , check pets regularity
Every two weeks x 3

39
Q

Treatment of lice

A

Can wash bedding / clean combs
Won’t last in environment
Treat tapeworms if needed
Treat all in contact species (others are fine)

40
Q

What diseases do fleas carry

A

Tapeworms
Catch scratch fever
-flea dirt gets on cat nails-can infect humans if scratched - flu like symptoms ,
Tularemia - rabbit fever ,
Feed on infected animal and pass to other animals
Humans get from eating uncooked meet

41
Q

What does mange mean

A

Used to describe animals with mite infestations

42
Q

General signs of mange mites

A

Shabby hair coat, patchy/rough/poor condition

43
Q

What are mites

A

Arachnids
8 legs
Typically just live on host (don’t survive well in environment)

44
Q

Demodex mites

What do they infect

A

Hair follicles/sebaceous glands (deeper in skin)

45
Q

What areas of animals do mites infect

A

Hair, limbs, may be on neck (localized)

All over body (generalized)

46
Q

Signs of demodex

A

Generalized - Usually not itchy

Localized- mild, not itchy alopecia on small area of body

47
Q

When is demodex common

A

Usually in puppies under a year

48
Q

Generalized demodex

A

Moderate to severe all over body

Alopecia , redness, usually secondary pyoderma/itchy

49
Q

Is demodex host specific

A

Yes

Usually transferred from mom to baby

50
Q

What to do if you see alopecia

A

Deep skin scraping (to reach into hair follicles) , hair plucking

51
Q

Why do you do a skin scraping with demodex

A

To see mites under a microscope

52
Q

What happens if skin scraping positive

A

Positive confirms diagnoses

But if negative it doesn’t rule out demodex

53
Q

When to use skin scraping

A

Not needed if localized, only generalized

54
Q

Treatment of demodex

A

None of local

55
Q

Generalized demodex treatment

A

Ivermectin (oral/injectible)
Daily, every few days
Advantage multi (moxidentin) topically every 1-2 weeks
All need to be given long term

56
Q

Sarcopties (scabies) location

A

Mites tunnel through epidermis

57
Q

Signs of sarcopties (scabies)

A

Very itchy
Alopecia
Thickening skin

58
Q

Where is sarcopties most common in

A

Dogs

Rare in cats

59
Q

How does sarcopties transfer

A

Direct contact,
Recent fomite
Can transfer to other hosts , but short lived infection

60
Q

What other species can get sarcopties

A

Foxes

Coyotes

61
Q

Diagnoses of sarcopties

A

Superficial skin scrapings ; harder to find than demodex (less mites involved)
Still need to reach all of epidermis (best to see blood)

62
Q

Treatment of sarcopties

A

Revolution/selamectin (topical)
Advantage multi /moxidentin topical
Ivermectin
Use 1-2 months after signs resolve

63
Q

Is sarcopties zoonotic

A

People can get short lasting infection (no treatment needed, very itchy)

64
Q

Otodectes (ear mites) diagnoses

A

Can see on otoscope exam

65
Q

Signs of otodectes (ear mites)

A

Usually itchy but not always
Dark debris like coffee grounds
Ear inflammation

66
Q

Otodectes species

A

Most common in cats

67
Q

Life cycle of otodectes

A

18-28 days

68
Q

Transferring of otodectes (ear mites)

A

Direct contact

69
Q

Diagnoses of otodectes (ear mites)

A

Ear swabs, see mites under microscope

70
Q

Treatment of otodectes

A

Treat all in contact pets
If limited contact (dogs/cats) may not need to treat dog
Revolution/selamectin
Advantage multi/moxidentin

71
Q

Cheyletiella (walking dandruff) location

A

Non burrowing, live on skin

Tail, rump, head (can be all over body)

72
Q

Cheyletiella (walking dandruff) signs

A

Look like moving dandruff

May have redness, crusts, dull coat with “flakes”

73
Q

Cheyletiella transfer

A

Canine/feline species, can see in rabbits
May transfer with transport hosts ( fleas, lice, ect)
Can see with naked eye

74
Q

Is cheyletiella (walking dandruff) species specific

A

Yes, contagious

75
Q

Cheyletiella diagnoses

A

See on PE , may see in feces

Samples if unsure (microscope)

76
Q

Treatment of cheyletiella

A

Revolution/selamectin
Advantage multi/moxidentin
2 treatments two weeks apart

77
Q

Is cheytiella zoonotic

A

Can be passed but cant complete life cycle

78
Q

Nasal mites

A 
Uncommon in cats
When cheyletiella gets into nose 
Nasal passage/nasal sinuses 
Violent sneezing, nose bleeds 
Reverse sneezing 
Very contagious 
See on rhino scope exam or cytology of nasal secretions (tricky to find) 
Selamectin (revolution) or ivermectin 
Not zoonotic

Parasites (13 decks)

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