Gastrointestinal Helminth Nematodes Flashcards
Most common gastrointestinal helminth parasites in dogs
Toxocara Canis
Toxascaris leonine
Baylisascaris (raccoons)
Toxocara catis
Where do dogs get toxocara cati
From cats
Can cats get toxocara canis
No
How do dogs get baylisascaris?
From raccoons
What is the most common gastrointestinal helminth parasites in dogs
Toxocara canis
Most common helminth gastrointestinal parasites in cats
Toxocara Cati
Toxoscaris leonine
How do dogs get infected by ascarids?
Ingesting larvated eggs in environment
Ingesting other vertebrate that ingested other eggs (mouse, rabbit) -larvated eggs are in their muscle
Milk ingestion from infested mother (toxocara canis and cati) possibly baylisascaris
Placenta transmission (toxocara canis / baylisascaris
What ascarids migrate into the circulatory system and lay dormant (encrusted) until reactivated
All except toxascaris leonine
Where can dewormers kill parasites
Only the parasites in the GI tract, not the ones that are dormant in the muscles
What happens when a female becomes pregnant
Dormant eggs in muscle become activated and enter puppies and kittens through placenta and milk
Which helminths are in the milk
Toxocara canis and cati
Baylisascaris
Where do eggs develop into larva once digested
In the intestines
Where do larva go once developed in intestines
Into intestinal lining and end up in circulatory system
Where do larva go once in the circulatory system
In many organs (lungs/liver)
What happens once larva make it to lungs
They are coughed up and swallowed
What happens once larva are coughed up and swallowed?
They develop into adults in digestive system and produce eggs to infect environment
Does migration cause any problems in dog
Causes damage to tissues when larva move around body
Difference between vertebrate host ingestion and egg migrationb
If vertebrate host ingested (mouse/rabbit), eggs go straight into intestines of new host and form adult worms without any migration throughout body
What can act as a paratenic host?
Earthworms
Invertebrates
How are earthworms and invertebrates paratenic hosts
They may get ingested directly by dog/cat or by a rodent/bird which can be a paratenic host for dog or cat to eat after
How many paratenic hosts and transport hosts are there
There can be multiple paratenic hosts before getting to definitive host
What are nonembryonated eggs
Stage just before hatching
Does toxascaris leonine migrate throughout the definitive host
No, only stays in the intestinal tract
Can eggs be seen
No, eggs are microscopic in feces
How long does it take toxocara to become infectious
2-4 weeks
How long does it take toxascaris leonine to become infectious
1 week
How long does it take to prevent eggs from spreading
You should remove feces right away
How long can eggs remain infective ?
Many years
How long does it take pups infected in utero with t.cans to shed roundworm eggs
2.5 to 3 weeks old
When do we deworm puppies and kittens
2.5-3 weeks old
How long does it take toxocara canis to shed new eggs after being ingested
4 weeks
How long does it take toxocara canis to shed new eggs after host ingests infected vertebrate?
2 weeks
What is the prepatent period of toxocara cati
8 week prepatent period
How long is the prepatent period of toxascaris leonina
8-10 weeks
How long is the prepatent period of bayliscaris
4-10 weeks
When are worms most commonly zoonotic
Children
How long can eggs remain infective?
Who commonly has round worms
Can remain infective for a very long time.
Usually free roaming dogs and cats and children at play grounds can pick up the virus
How can you decontaminate eggs
Encasing in concrete
Burning/removing all soil
Steaming
Define VLM
Visceral larval migrans
Parasites go through visceral organs and cause neurological damage
What is VLM caused by
Visceral larval migrant is caused by by baylisascaris
How to avoid VLM
Avoid contact with raccoons/raccoon infested areas
What ocular issues can happen with VLM
Can cause blindness
Serious problems with people with parasites
Neurological issues
Blindness
When should you deworm puppies
Start at 2 weeks
Every 2 weeks for 3 rounds
Once a month after that
Why is it important to get rid of all worms
It disrupts life cycle
What medications do you give for roundworms
Pyranel (Pyr-a-pam)
Strongid
How should you give small animal medications for roundworms
Liquid strongid is easiest for small animals
How many eggs can adult roundworms produce per day
85000 eggs
Roundworms symptoms
Loose stool
Weight loss (mild symptoms)
Can vomit worms
Best way to diagnose roundworms
Fecal float
When does a fecal float not work with round worms
During the prepatent period
When can you identify adult round worms
When vomited up
What to warn owners when deworming roundworms
Dead adults may pass in stool
Active ingredient in strongid and pyr-a-pam
Pyrantel
Active ingredient in panacur
Fenbendazole
Active ingredient in advantage multi
Moxidentin
Active ingredient in interceptor
Milbemycin
Active ingredient in drontal
Febantel
What is febantel
Praziquantel and pyrantel
Active ingredient in revolution
Selamectin
Cat specific drug
Profender
Active ingredients in profender
Emodepside and praziquantel
Active ingredient names
Febantel Milbemycin Moxidentin Fenbendazole Selamectin
