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Parasites > Gastrointestinal Helminth Nematodes > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Helminth Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Most common gastrointestinal helminth parasites in dogs

A

Toxocara Canis
Toxascaris leonine
Baylisascaris (raccoons)
Toxocara catis

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2
Q

Where do dogs get toxocara cati

A

From cats

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3
Q

Can cats get toxocara canis

A

No

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4
Q

How do dogs get baylisascaris?

A

From raccoons

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5
Q

What is the most common gastrointestinal helminth parasites in dogs

A

Toxocara canis

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6
Q

Most common helminth gastrointestinal parasites in cats

A

Toxocara Cati

Toxoscaris leonine

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7
Q

How do dogs get infected by ascarids?

A

Ingesting larvated eggs in environment
Ingesting other vertebrate that ingested other eggs (mouse, rabbit) -larvated eggs are in their muscle
Milk ingestion from infested mother (toxocara canis and cati) possibly baylisascaris
Placenta transmission (toxocara canis / baylisascaris

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8
Q

What ascarids migrate into the circulatory system and lay dormant (encrusted) until reactivated

A

All except toxascaris leonine

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9
Q

Where can dewormers kill parasites

A

Only the parasites in the GI tract, not the ones that are dormant in the muscles

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10
Q

What happens when a female becomes pregnant

A

Dormant eggs in muscle become activated and enter puppies and kittens through placenta and milk

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11
Q

Which helminths are in the milk

A

Toxocara canis and cati

Baylisascaris

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12
Q

Where do eggs develop into larva once digested

A

In the intestines

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13
Q

Where do larva go once developed in intestines

A

Into intestinal lining and end up in circulatory system

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14
Q

Where do larva go once in the circulatory system

A

In many organs (lungs/liver)

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15
Q

What happens once larva make it to lungs

A

They are coughed up and swallowed

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16
Q

What happens once larva are coughed up and swallowed?

A

They develop into adults in digestive system and produce eggs to infect environment

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17
Q

Does migration cause any problems in dog

A

Causes damage to tissues when larva move around body

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18
Q

Difference between vertebrate host ingestion and egg migrationb

A

If vertebrate host ingested (mouse/rabbit), eggs go straight into intestines of new host and form adult worms without any migration throughout body

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19
Q

What can act as a paratenic host?

A

Earthworms

Invertebrates

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20
Q

How are earthworms and invertebrates paratenic hosts

A

They may get ingested directly by dog/cat or by a rodent/bird which can be a paratenic host for dog or cat to eat after

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21
Q

How many paratenic hosts and transport hosts are there

A

There can be multiple paratenic hosts before getting to definitive host

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22
Q

What are nonembryonated eggs

A

Stage just before hatching

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23
Q

Does toxascaris leonine migrate throughout the definitive host

A

No, only stays in the intestinal tract

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24
Q

Can eggs be seen

A

No, eggs are microscopic in feces

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25
Q

How long does it take toxocara to become infectious

A

2-4 weeks

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26
Q

How long does it take toxascaris leonine to become infectious

A

1 week

27
Q

How long does it take to prevent eggs from spreading

A

You should remove feces right away

28
Q

How long can eggs remain infective ?

A

Many years

29
Q

How long does it take pups infected in utero with t.cans to shed roundworm eggs

A

2.5 to 3 weeks old

30
Q

When do we deworm puppies and kittens

A

2.5-3 weeks old

31
Q

How long does it take toxocara canis to shed new eggs after being ingested

A

4 weeks

32
Q

How long does it take toxocara canis to shed new eggs after host ingests infected vertebrate?

A

2 weeks

33
Q

What is the prepatent period of toxocara cati

A

8 week prepatent period

34
Q

How long is the prepatent period of toxascaris leonina

A

8-10 weeks

35
Q

How long is the prepatent period of bayliscaris

A

4-10 weeks

36
Q

When are worms most commonly zoonotic

A

Children

37
Q

How long can eggs remain infective?

Who commonly has round worms

A

Can remain infective for a very long time.

Usually free roaming dogs and cats and children at play grounds can pick up the virus

38
Q

How can you decontaminate eggs

A

Encasing in concrete
Burning/removing all soil
Steaming

39
Q

Define VLM

A

Visceral larval migrans

Parasites go through visceral organs and cause neurological damage

40
Q

What is VLM caused by

A

Visceral larval migrant is caused by by baylisascaris

41
Q

How to avoid VLM

A

Avoid contact with raccoons/raccoon infested areas

42
Q

What ocular issues can happen with VLM

A

Can cause blindness

43
Q

Serious problems with people with parasites

A

Neurological issues

Blindness

44
Q

When should you deworm puppies

A

Start at 2 weeks
Every 2 weeks for 3 rounds
Once a month after that

45
Q

Why is it important to get rid of all worms

A

It disrupts life cycle

46
Q

What medications do you give for roundworms

A

Pyranel (Pyr-a-pam)

Strongid

47
Q

How should you give small animal medications for roundworms

A

Liquid strongid is easiest for small animals

48
Q

How many eggs can adult roundworms produce per day

A

85000 eggs

49
Q

Roundworms symptoms

A

Loose stool
Weight loss (mild symptoms)
Can vomit worms

50
Q

Best way to diagnose roundworms

A

Fecal float

51
Q

When does a fecal float not work with round worms

A

During the prepatent period

52
Q

When can you identify adult round worms

A

When vomited up

53
Q

What to warn owners when deworming roundworms

A

Dead adults may pass in stool

54
Q

Active ingredient in strongid and pyr-a-pam

A

Pyrantel

55
Q

Active ingredient in panacur

A

Fenbendazole

56
Q

Active ingredient in advantage multi

A

Moxidentin

57
Q

Active ingredient in interceptor

A

Milbemycin

58
Q

Active ingredient in drontal

A

Febantel

59
Q

What is febantel

A

Praziquantel and pyrantel

60
Q

Active ingredient in revolution

A

Selamectin

61
Q

Cat specific drug

A

Profender

62
Q

Active ingredients in profender

A

Emodepside and praziquantel

63
Q

Active ingredient names

A 
Febantel 
Milbemycin 
Moxidentin 
Fenbendazole 
Selamectin

Parasites (13 decks)

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