Parasites Flashcards
Mallophaga are known for feeding on
skin debris
Hemosproidia is a ____ protozoan
blood
what capillaria species has a direct lifecycle (needing no intermediate host?)
Capillaria obsignata
what parasite poses the greatest zoonotic risk to human caretakers in birds?
cryptosporidium
mentronidazole
Flagyl
pyrantel pamoate
strongid
Fenbendazole
Panacur
Praziquantel
droncit
ivermectin
Ivomec
what bird is least likely to be suffering from an internal parasite?
Canary
Capillaria contorta uses what intermediate host?
earthworms
Emeria and Isospora are both forms of
coccidia
what can be given to birds with Sarcocystosis
Trimethoprim/sufla
histominiasis is commonly known as
blackhead disease
Cryptosproididum is spread by
sporolated oocysts
Sternostoma tracheacolum are commonly found in
air sacs
what mite are you most likely to see clinical signs involving the respiratory tract in birds?
Sternostoma tracheacolum
Common treatments for coccidia in birds would be what?
fenbendazole and metronidazole
cryptosporidum is a zoonotic disease
true
what would you give to treat air sac mites?
Fenbendazole
Sarcocystis falcatula is a protozoan parasite with the intermediate host of what in birds?
opossum
what can be given to avians with roundworms?
pyrantel pamoate, fenbendazole, and ivermectin
what birds are commonly affected with the air sac mite?
amazon parrots
basic management practices for maintaining a parasite free bird would be all of the following except
access outside of their enclosure with dirt floors
capillaria spp of poultry are commonly called hairworms
true
internal parasites are a major concern for indoor birds
false
what is the most important parasitic disease in poultry
coccidia
what is the treatment of choice for giardia?
metronidazole
ascarids belong to which phylum of worms?
nematodes
what disease is caused by obligate intracellular parasites that are transmitted by a mosquito vector? (primate)
malaria
great apes are rarely used in biomedical research, but when they are used ____ are the most commonly seen
chimpanzee
in many facilities, an incoming primate must have 5 negative tests for what disease before it can leave quarantine?
tuberculosis
NWP will be found where?
south america
what percentage of animasl used in biomedical research are primates?
<0.025%
what prmate species is most often used for atherosclerosis
squirrel monkey
what mating system should be used if the exact gestational age must be known in primates?
timed mating
caretakers are often given a vaccine to prevent what infection?
hepatitis B
what order of NHP is the msot primitive, small to medium sized, and has a squirrel-like appearance?
prosimians
what injectable anesthetic can be used for procedures lasting more than 45 minutes in NHPs?
propofol
what species of primates is most commonly used in biomedical research?
rhesus monkey
what vessel can be used to collect large amounts of blood from primates but the procedure requires the animal to be anesthetized?
femoral
what is a significant concern when handling and restraining primates?
safety of the handler
what was established in 1974 in an effort to control the use of NWPs in biomedical research?
Interagency primate steering committee
prior to working with primates, humans must be tested for
tuberculosis
diets for primates must contain what vitamin?
C
what feature of most OWPs is a hard, keratinized pad on the buttocks?
Ischial callosities
the clinical sign of what disease include exanthematous rash on the chest, lower body, nasal and ocular discharge, and blepharitis? This disease can be fatal in some NwPs
measels
what condition can occur in primates with inadequate vitamin c lvls?
scurvy
when large volumes of medication are needed or if the animal needs continual infusion of medications or fluids, what is the best option for delivery?
vascular access port injections
non-human primates are considered to be 4-10 times stronger than humans
true
what zoonotic disease in primates is caused by several different strains of mycobacterium
tuberculosis
where is tuberculosis testing performed in NHPS
upper eyelid
what medication can be administered prior to anesthesia to help reduce the amount of saliva produced in primates?
atropine
what is one feature all caging for primates must include?
secure locks
inadequate nutrtion intake is a more common problem in NHP’s than obesity
false
animals affected by tuberculosis can develope lesions on what organ?
liver
what is a lesser ape?
gibbon and siamangs
there is a vaccine available for both primates and humans for what pox virus?
monkey pox
bonobos are considered to be more aggressive than chimpanzees
false
primates are able to get the same dental diseases as humans
true
what requires that research facilities develop and implement plans to promote the well-being of the NWPs species in their care?
AWA
what behavior serves as a method of communication and may also serve to strenghten the social organization of primates? this is generally between dominant and non-dominant group members
allogrooming
the most significant herpesvirus of concern to NHPs is
herpes simiae
what primate is the natural host for herpes B
rhesus monkey
the offspring of iodine deficient females can show clinical signs of hypothyroidism
true
what feature is always absent in OWPs
prehensile tails
an NHP that is deficient in vitamin D will develop
rickets
what medication can be given for severe pain in primates?
morphine
a dietary insufficiency of iodine can lead to the formation of what in primates?
a goiter
what antiparasitic cannot be used for turtles?
ivermectin
when treating lizards for protozoans, ____ would be the drug of choice
mretronidazole
parasitized reptiles
have shorter life spans, are unthrifty, act as a reservoir for human infestations
ivermectin can be sued to treat parasites in what species of reptile?
gecko, green iguana, and boas
captive snake are by nature of their habits, exposed to a greater parasite load compared with snakes in the wild?
true
common clinical signs associated with intestinal parasites in snakes are
anorexia and blood in feces
ticks will cause not only abnormal looking scales but shedding problems as well
true
placing a snake in 5% sevin dust for 4-5 hours and then rinsing with 1% ivermectin spray is a common treatment for mites
true
it is perfectly fine to feed your reptile food items you have personally caught. The changes of parasitic infestation are rare
false
one method of treating for mites in lizards is to cover the body with mineral oil
true
what PPE item is mandatory to wear when working with wading birds such as egrets, cranes, or herons?
eye protection
birds can have heavy metal toxicity after ingesting fishing weights
true
what animal are you most likely to get mycobacterium leprae from?
armadillo
what is the best method to get an accurate heart rate on a reptile
doppler
what is a mosquito-borne viral infeciton from a virus in the Flaviviridae family that can be seriou, life-altering, or even fatal in humans?
west nile virus
if a wild animal is brought into the hospital, how and where should the animal be kept between treatments?
in a dark, quiet room and away from all other animals
raccoons are known to carry what intestinal roundworm?
baliascaris procyonis
a lizard should never be captured by that tail as it has the ability to autotomize the tail. what does this mean?
voluntairy drop the tail to escape
when restraining a bird of prey, such as an owl, what body part must be controlled to prevent injury to the handler
talons
if a snake is venomous, what device should be used to capture it?
snake hook
what is useful when restraining and examining a wild rabbit?
towel
wild canids such as coyotes and foxes are not susceptible to canine parvo virus
false
what disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and if left untreated has a high fatality rate in humans?
bubonic plague
what species are you most likely to get salmonella from?
reptiles
anthrax is listed on the global zoonotic chart
true
what is an infectioius viral disease that attacks the nervous system of humans and other mammals?
rabies
when restraining a raptor, what might help reduce stress?
covering the head and blocking their vision
beaver fever is the common name for what disease?
giardia
signs of abandoned animals might include
skinny, injury, cold, dead siblings
the transmission of what disease to humans requires the excessive handling or eating of armadillo meat?
leprosy
A good Samaritan brings an injured red-tailed hawk to the animal hospital. The hospital does not have a permit to treat wildlife. What should the hospital do?
contact a licensed rehabilitator
An owl is presented that has a compound open fracture to the radius. The wound is showing signs of infection and is obviously over 3 days old. How would you treat this animal?
surgically debride the wound and place a plate to stabalize the fracture
virtually all wildlife has the potential of carrying salmonella
true
to treat and care for wild animals special permits are required
true
bordatella bronchiseptica is considered to be a worldwide zoonotic organism
true
what disease was discovered in 1993 and is a deadly disease contracted from contact with the urine, feces, or saliva of infected rodents?
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
if a wild animal is to be treated in the hospital, the hospital must:
create a medical record
a good samaritan should complete paperwork when dropping off a wild animal. This paperwork should include what info?
location it was found, how it was captured,a nd whether the animal was fed
opossums commonly carry
fleas
many times people find young wildlife and do not see the adult. It is best to advise them
to leave them alone
the inhalation of dust, feather debris or dried fecal material from a bird may predispose to this infection
chlamydophilia psittaci
what PPE should always be worn when handling small reptiles?
exam gloves
A rabbit is brought into the hospital by a good Samaritan who said he saw it get hit by a car just before he brought it in. The rabbit is conscious but unable to use its rear legs. What is the recommended treatment?
humanely euthanize
what highly virulent disease for humans is often associated with wild rabbits and hares?
tularemia
rats and mice are the most common carries of Hantavirus
true
one of the first steps in performing an exam on a bird is to
observe mentation
most rabbits will abandon their young if they smell humans on them
false
reptiles are known to carry what disease?
salmonella
opossums rarely carry zoonotic disease. What trait can be attributed to this fact?
lower average body temp
a raccoon is brought into the hospital and is suspected of being hit by a car. What must be done in order to examine the animal thoroughly and safely
anesthetize the animal
