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Mod 8 Finals > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Females mice/rats will commonly have an estrus period

A

within 20-24 hours of parturition

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2
Q

Secretion of porphyrin is also called

A

chromodacyorrhea

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3
Q

female rats reach sexual maturity in

A

6-8weeks

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4
Q

which type of animal is the direct result of mating two different inbred strains?

A

hybrid

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5
Q

mice are usually weaned by

A

14 days

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6
Q

the red color produced from the Hardarian glands is caused by

A

phorphyrins

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7
Q

brown fat is found

A

over the neck and between the scapulae

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8
Q

animals that are the result of at least 20 generations of inbred mating are referred to as

A

strain

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9
Q

copulatory plugs are

A

indicate copulation occurred

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10
Q

offspring or neonates are referred to as

A

pups

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11
Q

when sexing mice and rats, males have a greater distance between the anus and the genital papilla

A

true

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12
Q

when female mice are housed together without a male

A

they will become anestrus

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13
Q

rats are capable of swimming under water because they

A

have controllable nares to help seal the airways

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14
Q

rats and mice have brachyodontic molars

A

true

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15
Q

rats bones will continue to grow throughout life

A

true

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16
Q

what cannot be used to confirm genetic purity in research animals

A

out crossing

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17
Q

the red-pigmented substance that is discharged near the eyes in ill or anils under stress is

A

porphyrin

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18
Q

the avg life span of a mouse is

A

12-36 months

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19
Q

rats and mice that have been randomly bred are termed

A

stock

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20
Q

the normal body temp for a mouse/rat is

A

98.6F

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21
Q

rats and mice are

A

spontaneous ovulators

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22
Q

the gall bladder in rats is deeply embedded into the liver

A

false

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23
Q

the secretions of which gland are often referred to as red tears?

A

Harderian gland

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24
Q

what structure prevents a rat from vomiting?

A

limiting ridge

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25
Q

what is the life expectancy of rats?

A

2-3 years

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26
Q

which of the following is a result of epiphyses of the bones that do not close in most rats?

A

rats grow continuously throughout their life

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27
Q

the use of mice and rats for lab animals is necessary

A

the insure adequate testing

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28
Q

the bruce effect describes

A

how females will abort early pregnancies if exposed to a new male

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29
Q

the uterus in rats is describes as

A

bicornuate

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30
Q

the term means that rats and mice’s incisors will continuously grow throughout their life

A

hyspodontic

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31
Q

mice and rats who have had parts of their DNA removed or altered not to express a given trait are called

A

hybrid

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32
Q

the whitten effect describes

A

how females exposed to a male after not being around one will all start to cycle in 3 days

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33
Q

rats and mice that are the result of brother-sister or parent-offspring mating are called

A

inbred

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34
Q

estrus will last approximately how long in mice/rats

A

4-5 days

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35
Q

the pancreas in rats

A

lies throughout the mesentery and has multiple ducts emptying into the intestine

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36
Q

which of the following rats is often used for autoimmune disease research

A

brown

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37
Q

randomly bred mice or rats are referred to as

A

stock

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38
Q

which animals have similar characteristics but are not genetically identical

A

stock

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39
Q

the rat is a common research animal for cardiac studies

A

false

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40
Q

when males and females are continuously housed together, it is referred to as

A

intensive breeding

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41
Q

gestation length for a rat is

A

21-23 days

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42
Q

which of the following rats is often used for mammary tumor research

A

Albany

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43
Q

the space between the incisors and premolars is called (rabbits)

A

diastema

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44
Q

the doe will (rabbits)

A

nurse only a few minutes each day

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45
Q

mature female rabbits develop a large fold of skin under the chin that is known as the

A

dewlap

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46
Q

which physiologic feature makes rabbits well adapted for running?

A

rear limbs longer than the forelimbs

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47
Q

the second pair of incisors in rabbits is referred to as

A

peg teeth

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48
Q

which of the following do rabbits tend to consume directly from their anus as an important step to proper nutrition

A

cecotroph

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49
Q

what are rabbits missing?

A

uterus

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50
Q

what is the average HR of rabbits?

A

180-250

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51
Q

night feces are also called

A

cecotrophs

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52
Q

what is the gestation period of rabbits?

A

29-35 days

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53
Q

the most common breed of rabbit used in biomedical research is the

A

new zealand white

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54
Q

Because rabbits harbor a number of bacterial and viral agents without showing symptoms, researchers must often use which type of rabbit to avoid inducing variables into the study?

A

specific pathogen free

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55
Q

rabbits ween their offspring around

A

5-8weeks

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56
Q

how many canine teeth do rabbits have?

A

none

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57
Q

rabbits lack foot pads

A

true

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58
Q

lop type of rabbits are noted for

A

droopy ears

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59
Q

which gender of rabbits tend to be larger?

A

females

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60
Q

rabbits teeth ahve open roots and continue to grow throughout the animal’s life. What is the term?

A

hypsodontic

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61
Q

normal body temp for rabbits is

A

101-104

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62
Q

male rabbits are called?

A

bucks

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63
Q

rabbits are omnivores

A

false

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64
Q

the large ears of rabbits are useful in

A

thermoregulation

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65
Q

the agouti hair pattern is what the normal wild rabbit looks like

A

true

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66
Q

the domestic rabbit was the first animal model for

A

atherosclerosis

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67
Q

the female rabbit is called a

A

doe

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68
Q

New zealand white rabbits have what colored eyes?

A

red

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69
Q

in many breeding colonies, 1 male will service how many females?

A

10-20

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70
Q

spraying urine, aggressive behavior, destructive chewing, biting or nipping can all be a sign of (rabbits)

A

sexual maturity

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71
Q

Rabbits were originally classified in the order of Rodentia but due to this physiologic difference were reclassified into their own order. What was this physiologic difference?

A

two pairs of upper incisors

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72
Q

in which condiiton that generally lasts 15-17 days, might the doe exhibit mammary development and normal nesting behavior?

A

pseudopregnancy

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73
Q

how long does pseudopregnancy last in rabbits?

A

15-17 days

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74
Q

the penis of male rabbits is located posterior to the scrotum

A

true

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75
Q

the act of parturition in rabbits is referred to as

A

kindling

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76
Q

what is the normal RR of rabbits?

A

30-60 bpm

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77
Q

what type of ovulators are does?

A

induced ovulators

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78
Q

Female New Zealand White Rabbits reach puberty around what age?

A

5 months

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79
Q

rabbits have a special WBC that is described as a predominant granular red stained neutrophil. What is the official name?

A

heterophil

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80
Q

ovulation occurs approximately how many hours after coitus? (rabbits)

A

10 hours

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81
Q

what is the avg litter size for rabbits?

A

4-12

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82
Q

irritancy testing has become inaccurate because researchers are anesthetizing the eyes of rabbits now

A

false

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83
Q

what breed would be more difficult to determine gender in (rabbits)

A

dwarf hotot

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84
Q

the hear of rabbits is relatively small compared to other species of similar size

A

true

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85
Q

the large ears of rabbits makes them useful for

A

antibody production research

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86
Q

what type of crystals are you most likely to see in the urine of rabbits?

A

calcium carbonate

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87
Q

Zygodactyl digits point in an anterior direction where Anisodactyl digits point in a posterior or caudal direction

A

false

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88
Q

what do avian species lack?

A

diaphragm

89
Q

what bird is a passiforme

A

canary

90
Q

how long does it take for egg development in birds?

A

15 hours

91
Q

what V-shaped slit on the roof of the mouth in birds directs air from the mouth and nasal cavities to the glottis

A

choana

92
Q

what portion of the digestive system in birds is responsible for grinding food products?

A

ventriculus (gizzard)

93
Q

what special sense in birds is not well developed?

A

touch

94
Q

secretions from what gland keeps feathers waterproof?

A

preen

95
Q

what is the gizzard referred to as?

A

ventriculus

96
Q

the heart of birds in comparison to mammals is

A

1.5 times larger

97
Q

what bones are considered pneumatic in many avian species?

A

humerus, femur, pelvis, skull, ribs, sternum

98
Q

what type of bones found in birds contain air-filled spaces, known as sinuses, that reduce the weight of the bone?

A

pneumatic bones

99
Q

birds are colorblind

A

false

100
Q

what type of feather covers the outermost layer of the body?

A

contour feathers

101
Q

the areas between feather tracts are known as

A

apteria

102
Q

what bone is not pneumatized in birds?

A

ulna

103
Q

What type of bird is columbiformes

A

dove

104
Q

a common passage for the GI, urinary, and reproductive systems (birds)

A

cloaca

105
Q

what is the external opeing through what droppings pass in birds?

A

vent

106
Q

in birds, the ventral wall of the esophagus is greatly expanded to form the

A

crop

107
Q

the pectoral muscles in a bird attach to what?

A

keep

108
Q

the iris of a bird’s eye is formed by a muscle that enables the bird to control the size of its pupil voluntary

A

striated

109
Q

the vitreous humor in the posterior chamber of the eye contains a ribbonlike structure attached to the retina (birds)

A

pectin

110
Q

during respiration process of birds, air circulates continuously and passes through the lungs how many times?

A

2 times

111
Q

what is the average number of air sacs birds have?

A

9

112
Q

broken blood feathers can potentially lead to death in a bird?

A

true

113
Q

what is another name for the sternum in a bird?

A

keel

114
Q

how many chambers does the avian heart have?

A

4 chambers

115
Q

biting by birds can be a sign of what?

A

dominance, jealousy, and fear

116
Q

food passes down the esophagus on the right side of the neck in birds and enters what structure?

A

crop

117
Q

the respiration system of birds is different form in mammals in what way?

A

the lungs don’t inflate

118
Q

what type of feather is soft and fluffy, and has the purpose of providing insulation

A

down

119
Q

cockatoos, cockatiels, and african greys have a special down feathers that

A

breaks down into powder

120
Q

the preen gland is also known as

A

uropygial gland

121
Q

the preen gland is located at the base of the beak to allow for distribution of the oils

A

false (base of tail)

122
Q

the vent is the external opeing for the cloaca

A

true

123
Q

birds have an incomplete trachea

A

false

124
Q

what birds are part of psittaciformes?

A

macaw

125
Q

what are the large, primary flight feathers of birds?

A

remiges

126
Q

what type of feather covers the body and the wings and can be identified as either flgith or body feathers?

A

contour

127
Q

the gizzard functions to

A

grind food into smaller pieces for digestion

128
Q

birds have nucleated RBCs

A

true

129
Q

the pectoral muscle comprises approximately what percentage of the bw of birds

A

20%

130
Q

what type of bird is Galliforme

A

duck

131
Q

hamsters have ____ lobes to the left lung, and ____ right lung lobes

A

1:5

132
Q

the breed of guinea pig most commonly used in biomedical research is the

A

English

133
Q

Hamsters reach puberty between ____ weeks of age

A

6-8

134
Q

guinea pigs have a small gap between their premolars and molars called the diastema

A

true

135
Q

what can be introduced into hamsters with dietary modicications

A

caries

136
Q

Gerbils are native to:

A

the harsh desert regions of the Mongolia, southern siberia, and northern china

137
Q

gerbils are

A

diurinal

138
Q

male hamsters are more aggressive than female hamsters

A

false

139
Q

when breeding hamsters, mating should begin within ___ minutes. If this does not occur the female should be removed

A

5

140
Q

What is the gestational period of hamsters

A

15-18 days

141
Q

the estrus cycle of hamsters is roughly ____ days

A

4

142
Q

what can occur if guinea pigs are bred for the first time too late in life?

A

dystocia

143
Q

what species has the shortest gestation periof of all the laboratory species?

A

hamster

144
Q

what guinea pig breed is described as having coarse, short haircoat that grows in whorls or resettes

A

Abyssinian

145
Q

Guinea pigs have ____ digits on their front feet and ____ digits on their hind feet

A

4:3

146
Q

a sow in estrus will arch its back and sway the hindquarters. This action is called

A

lordosis

147
Q

What feature of the hamster cheek pouches makes it excellent site for carcinogenic agent studies?

A

the lack of lymphoid tissue

148
Q

the hamster is named for the german word, hamstern, which means to

A

hoard

149
Q

what is a unique repro trait of gerbils?

A

males will assist in caring for offspring

150
Q

hamsters can be used in research medicine because of the unique qualities of their cheek pouches, what studies are they used for in regards to their cheek pouches?

A

carcinogenic studies

151
Q

the hamster has large deposits of brown adipose tissue. What is the primary function of this tissue?

A

temp regulation

152
Q

brown fat is colored darker bc

A

large numbers of mitochondria

153
Q

cages don’t require a cover bc guinea pigs lack the ability to

A

jump

154
Q

gerbils are social animals but can become aggressive when

A

overcrowded

155
Q

a male guinea pig is known as

A

boar

156
Q

what might a female hamster put into her cheek pouches?

A

feed and offspring

157
Q

gerbils are monogamous and can be bred for life

A

true

158
Q

hamsters are native to

A

the semiarid regions of southeast europe and asia minor

159
Q

what unique feature of gerbils makes them an excellent animal for endocrine funciton studies?

A

low water intake and highly concentrated urine

160
Q

hamsters are the only commonly used lab animal that

A

hibernates

161
Q

what is the costovertebral gland known as?

A

flank gland

162
Q

hamsters are popular as research models because

A

they reproduce quickly and easily

163
Q

guinea pigs are born precocious. this means

A

fully haired, eyes open, and capable of eating solid food within hours

164
Q

female hamsters can cannibalize their young if they feel startled or threatened for up to a week post partum

A

true

165
Q

where are the harderian glands located in hamsters

A

behind thier eyeballs

166
Q

the genus species name fot he hamster most often used in biomedical research is

A

cricetulus migratorius

167
Q

both hamsters and gerbils are resistant to

A

radiation

168
Q

what is the gestational period for gerbils?

A

25 days

169
Q

the cheek pouches in hamsters are large enough to extend back to the shoulder region

A

true

170
Q

gerbil cages should be securely fitting lid bc gerbils can

A

jump fairly high

171
Q

hamsters are born

A

with full set of permanent teeth

172
Q

the ventral sebaceous gland is used for

A

marking territories

173
Q

hamsters have a similarity to humans that

A

the molar teeth are susceptible to caries

174
Q

hamsters are

A

solitary animals

175
Q

Reptiles are known to have what bacteria that has a zoonotic potential of major concern for their human caretakers?

A

salmonella spp

176
Q

in a reptile enclosure there should be an area where the animal can move into different temperature areas. this would be considered a temperature

A

gradient

177
Q

giving birth to live young is called

A

vivparous

178
Q

chameleons should have access to water by

A

placing a water bowl in the tree limbs

179
Q

courtship behavior could include what?

A

biting, dewlap extension, and head bobbing

180
Q

snakes are commonly used in research bc

A

their skin is similar to humans and are therefore used for transdermal research

181
Q

a red-eared sldier would have what type of skull?

A

anapsid

182
Q

what breed is a strict carnivore?

A

snake

183
Q

what should be added to the food of herbivore species?

A

vitamin c

184
Q

reptiles shed the outmost layer of skin on a regular basis. this process is referrred to as

A

ecdysis

185
Q

a reptile that ahs a thin and distensible esophagus and stomach would likely be

A

carnivourous

186
Q

the scutes on a turtle are made up of

A

karatinized epithelium

187
Q

chelonians use what structure to acquire and tear their food?

A

tomia

188
Q

the vocal cords in reptiles allow for the various sounds made for mating and defensive strategies

A

false

189
Q

what feature is unique about the reptile heart?

A

3 chambers

190
Q

the superorder squamata includes snakes and lizards

A

true

191
Q

the cloaca performs

A

fecal functions, reproductive functions, and urinary functions

192
Q

what unique feature of some species of reptiles that is associated with thermoregulation

A

color changes

193
Q

in the skin of chameleons, what allows for reflectivity of visible light that results in a color change?

A

chromatophores

194
Q

what defense mehcanism of reptiles involves distracting the pursuer with a contracting or wiggling object while the lizard makes its escape

A

tail autonomy

195
Q

the bones of the tortoise shell are covered with specialied structures made up of

A

keratin

196
Q

the forked tongue of snakes and lizards assists in delivering scent particles to the vomernasal organ called the

A

jacobson’s organ

197
Q

the upper and lower shells of a turtle are referred to as

A

plastron and carapace

198
Q

what would be the best choice to feed to an adult corn snake?

A

thawed frozen mouse

199
Q

if a reptile is oviparous that means it

A

lays eggs

200
Q

the ventral part of a chelonian shell is called te

A

plastron

201
Q

what adaptation allows for snakes to be able to consume large prey

A

the glottis is found on the floor of the mouth, the glottis is mobile, and thin esophagus that can easily expand

202
Q

venom producing glands are

A

modified salivary glands

203
Q

a reptile with a skull that has temporal openings is called

A

diapsid

204
Q

what are the most commonly used reptiles in research?

A

snakes

205
Q

a technician has given a bearded dragon an injection of a nephrotoxic medication caudal to the kidneys. what can be the result of injection?

A

the medication could result in kidney damage

206
Q

what species has complete cartiliginous tracheal rings?

A

tortoises

207
Q

tail autonomy is best described as

A

both a defensive move to escape predation and the ability to regrow the tail after dismemberment

208
Q

the bone of the middle ear in reptiles is called the

A

columella

209
Q

water supplies for reptiles should be consistent with their normal habitiat. what would that include?

A

water in shallow rock depressions, no deeper than the legs of the animal, and misting foliage

210
Q

what feature allows snakes to breathe while ingesting prey

A

the mobile glottis that is located caudal to the tongue

211
Q

the term ecdysis refers to

A

shedding of the ksin

212
Q

water is absorbed or can be absorbed from the what in a reptile?

A

cloaca, urinary bladder, rectum

213
Q

reptiles are endothermic

A

false

214
Q

spahgnum moss can be utilized for reptile species that need high humidity area in theri enclosure

A

true

215
Q

chromatophores are

A

changing the ksin colors for camouflage

216
Q

the nephron of reptiles is not capable of removing water from the urine to form a more conentrated urin

A

true

217
Q

the reptillian heart is uniqe in that deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood can mix in the ventricle

A

true

218
Q

reptiles require UV light to produce

A

vitamin d

Mod 8 Finals (5 decks)

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