Parasit Flashcards
0
Q
A parasite that must use in intermediate host to complete its lifecycle is considered to have a
A
Indirect life cycle
1
Q
A parasite that has both sets of sex organs and both are functional is
A
Monecious
2
Q
What will yield larvae in feces
A
Ovoviviparous
3
Q
The damage a parasite is capable of producing to its host defines:
A
Pathology
4
Q
When scanning a fecal we scan on ____ and ID on ___.
A
10X
40X
5
Q
What techniques will you be able to identify Clostridium and/or Campylobacter
A
Fecal cytology
6
Q
What term indicates that we will see parasite ova in our sample analysis
A
Oviparous
7
Q
PSH is
A
The potential damage a parasite is capable of doing to the public
8
Q
PPP is:
A
The time from the point of infection until a diagnostic stage can be recovered (ova, cysts, or larvae)
9
Q
A dog eats a rabbit containing a larval stage of a tapeworm. The tapeworm has to go through the rabbit in order to reach adulthood. The rabbit is:
A
Intermediate host
10
Q
Parasitosis is
A
A parasite is present in the host and is exhibiting outward signs of harm
11
Q
Parasitiasis
A
A parasite is present on the host and is potentially pathogenic
12
Q
Pathogenesis is
A
Damage a parasite is capable of producing to its host
13
Q
How the parasite enters the host is
A
Route of infestation
14
Q
The gross exam, direct smear and flotation are examples of
A
Qualitative testing
15
Q
Morphology is
A
The study of shape
16
Q
Flatworms belong in what Phylum?
A
Platyhelminthes
17
Q
Flukes are also called
A
Trematodes
18
Q
When looking at an unstained slide, what position must the condenser in?
A
Lower
19
Q
What are three examples of a pseudoparasite
A
Pollen
debris
grass
20
Q
What is the term describing a protrusion or an indentation on one or both ends of an oval egg?
A
Operculum
21
Q
Name five factors that can cause variation in results
A
Sex ratio Luck tech error age of sample amount of sample
22
Q
Parasite that has more than one possible final host is considered
A
Plural
23
Q
An animal that harbors a larval stage of a parasite and is necessary to complete the parasites lifecycle
A
Intermediate host
24
A parasite that is on and off the host during its lifecycle
Periodic
25
Parasite that has both male and female sex organs with both being functional
Monoecious
26
Parasite that attaches at a site within or upon the body in stays there
Stationary
27
An animals that harbors a parasite but is not necessary for lifecycle completion
Paratenic host
28
Establishment of a parasite within or upon a host
Infestation
29
A parasite that has only one set of sex organs
Dioecious
30
A parasite that can be free living or parasitic for part or all of its life
Facultative
31
An animal that harbors a parasite final (adult) stage
Final host
32
A parasite that cannot complete its lifecycle outside of a host
Obligate
33
A parasite that does not need the use of an intermediate host
Direct lifecycle
34
Fasciola hepatica is a
Liver fluke
35
Nanophyetus salmincola is a
Salmon poisoning fluke
36
Paragonimus kellicotti is a
Lung fluke
37
What is a gravid proglottid
A mature egg bearing segment
38
Which tapeworm is reportable to the CDC if detected?
Echinococcus spp
39
What is an individual segment of a tapeworm called
Proglottid
40
What is the intermediate host for the Dipylidium caninum
Flea
41
Which flute is the most economically important fluke in veterinary medicine?
Fasciola hepatica
42
According to the text, what is the name of the condition fasciola hepatica causes?
Blacks disease
43
Why is fasciola hepatica so important?
Hemorrhage during migration
44
What is the intermediate host for Anoplocephala spp. and Moniezia spp.?
Orbatid mite or grain mite
45
According to the text, if the intermediate host of a tapeworm is an arthropod, the L1 is called:
Cysticercoid
46
What technique is required for a fecal flotation solution such as ZnSo4:
Fecal flotation
47
Parasites in the Phylum platyhelminthes are all considered:
Flatworms
48
The advantages to a fecal cytology include
The ability to see Clostridium and Campylobacter
49
Tapeworms fall in the Class:
Cestoda
50
This site of infestation of Nanoyphyetus salmincola is the:
Small intestine
51
Second intermediate host for Paragonimus kellicotti is the
Crayfish
52
What is a diagnostic feature of fluke ova
Single operculated
53
What is a diagnostic feature of Taenia spp. ova?
Radial striations
54
What is a diagnostic feature of the Dipylidium caninum ova?
Egg baskets
55
Nanophyetus salmincola is:
HSP for dogs and cats
56
The final host for fasciola hepatica is:
Ruminants
57
All flukes require a _____ as an intermediate host
Snail
58
The head of an adult tapeworm is called the:
Scolex
59
Dipylidium caninum is:
HSP for dogs and cats
60
Echinococcus spp. produces a larval stage that is called
Hydatid cyst
61
Paragonimus kellicotti is commonly called:
Lung fluke
62
What is known as the cat rat tapeworm?
Taenia taeniaeformis
63
What is the motile larval stage of flukes that emerges from the ova?
Miracidium
64
Toxocara canis is in the class
Nematoda
65
The stain used on a fecal cytology is called
Diff quik
66
Praziquantel is known by the brand name
Droncit
67
What type of migration is commonly followed when a Nematoda is ingested by paratenic host
Somatic migration
68
Ovum morphology for Toxocara spp. includes:
Outer ropey appearance
69
Final host for fasciola hepatica is:
HSP for ruminants
70
An oval ovum with an inner ropey appearance found in a cattle fecal float is diagnostic for:
Toxascaris leonina
71
What type of migration involves the parasite migrating from the intestinal lumen into the mucosal layer then back to lumen
Mucosal migration
72
Which is the most complex for Nematoda migration involving migrating through the body to ultimately be coughed up and swallow
Tracheal migration
73
What is the pathonomonic sign in puppies resulting from roundworm infestation
Potbellies
74
What migration type is most often followed when the final host is an intact female
Somatic migration
75
Strongid
Pyrantel pamoate
76
Panacur
Fenbendazole
77
Cestex
Epsiprantel
78
Albenza
Albendazole
79
The ova of what parasite is oval with blastomeres
Hookworms
80
In large animal medicine, when you see an ovum that is TASE you report in the patient file
+ TASE
81
PHS for Ancylostoma braniliense includes
Cutaneous larval migrins
82
The route of infestation for most hookworms is generally
Skin penetration
83
The final host for Taenia multiceps is
HSS for dogs
84
An oval ovum with an inner ropey appearance found in a canine fecal float is diagnostic for
Toxascaris leonina
85
Dictyocaulus spp. fall into what category
Lungworms
86
What are we primarily looking for when we perform a direct smear
Giardia
| Larva
87
What are we looking for on a fecal cytology
Clostridium
| Campylobacter
88
The final hosts for the 2 species of Bunostomum are
Sheep
| Cattle
89
Eqvalan
Ivermectin
90
Panacur
Fenbendazole
91
Droncit
Praziquantel
92
Telmintic
Mebendazole
93
Nemex
Pyrantel pamoate
94
Albenza
Albendazole
95
A sign that can't be mistaken for anything else defines
Pathognomonic
96
Resistance that a host builds up to future infestations defines
Premunition
97
What is the ova morphology for ruminant TASE and equine strongyles
Oval with blastomeres
98
What is the purpose for doing a direct smear
To locate giardia and larvae
99
Haemonchus contortus
Barber Pole Worm
100
Oesophegostomum spp.
Nodular worm
101
Osteragia spp.
Brown stomach worm
102
Cooperia spp.
Cattle Bankrupt Worm
103
Stephanurus dentatus
Kidney Worm of Swine
104
Trichostongylus spp.
Hair worm
105
Strongyloides westeri
Intestinal threadworm
106
Strongylus vulgaris
Equine bloodworm
107
Routine Fecal Exam: 3 tests
```
Qualitative
-Direct Smear
-Flotation
Quantitative
-Gross Exam
```
108
Direct Smear Procedure
Obtain a fleck of feces
203 drops of PSS
Mix and remove large chunks
Add coverslip and scan
109
Advantages of Direct Smear
Can find Giardia easier
| Can see larvae
110
Flotation Procedure
```
Obtain pea sized amount of feces
Fill device with Fecasol
-create meniscus
Place coverslip over device
Wait 10 minutes
Put coverslip onto slide and scan
```
111
Gross Exam
Overall appearance
| -ie. diarrhea, mucus, hair
112
Scan on 10X
Exception --Giardia-40X
113
ID on
40X
114
Course focus
To find field
115
Fine focus
To focus on specific part of field
116
Condensor
Down
117
Light
Adjust with iris diaphragm
| Adjust with rheostat
118
If nothing is seen on fecal report
NSATT
119
Fecal Result Alterations
Egg Production
Sex of parasite
Amount of feces
Diet of animal
120
Pseudoparasites
Pollen
Feces
Hair
Air bubbles
121
Obligate Host
Must live in or on a host to live
122
Facultative Host
Parasite can be free living or obligate
123
Final Host
An animal that harbors the adult stage of the parasite
124
HSS
Only one animal can harbor the adult stage of the parasite
125
HSP
More than one animal harbor the adult stage of the parasite
126
Periodic Parasite
Parasite in in/on or off the host throughout it's life cycle
127
PPP
Pre-Patent Period
| The time required for the parasite to become reproductively mature
128
Stationary Parasite
Parasite attaches somewhere on the host and stays there
129
Internal Parasite
Permanent parasite
130
Indirect Life Cycles
Parasite needs at least one intermediate host
131
PHS
Public Health Significance
| Capable of transmitting to humans
132
Monecious
Parasite with both sex organs and both are functional
133
Coprophagic
Ingestion of feces
134
Route of Infestation
How the parasite enters the host
135
Operculated
One or both sides of ova will be protruding
136
Giardia
Hardest to identify under a microscope
137
Giardia: Cyst vs. Egg
Cysts are more fragile
Cysts are fluid filled
Eggs contain nuclei
138
Giardia: Trophozoite
Kite shaped
| Has 8 flagella
139
Flatworms
```
Platyhelmenthes
Trematoda
Fasciola hepatica
Paragonimus kellicotti
Nanophytes salmicola
```
140
Trematoda
Flukes
141
Fasciola hepatica
```
Yellow egg ike
Single opperculated
"Liver Fluke"
Intermediate host--snail
Final host--ruminants
Site of infestation--bile duct
Pathogenesis--hemorrhage
PHS--rare
```
142
Fasciola hepatica tx
Ivermectin
| Albendazole
143
Paragonimus kellicotti
```
"Lung Fluke"
IH--snail, crayfish
FH--dogs and cats
SOI--lungs
Path--coughing, dyspnea
```
144
Paragonimus kellicotti tx
Fenbendazole
Albendazole
Praziquantel
145
Nanophytes salmicola
```
"Salmon Poisoning Fluke"
IH--snail, salmon/trout
FH--dogs, cats, minks, raccoons
SOI--small intestines
Path--V/D
PHS-- rare
```
146
Nanophytes salmicola tx
Praziquantel
147
Tapeworms
```
Platyhelmenthes
Cestoda (Cestodes)
Diplydium caninum
Taenia
Anoplocephala
Moniezia
Echinococcus
```
148
Diplydium caninium
```
"Flea tapeworm"
Cucumber seed tapeworm
Egg basket
IH--flea
FH--dogs and cats
SOI--small intestine
Path--weight loss, poor hair coat
```
149
Diplydium caninium tx
Praziquantel
| Espirantel
150
Taenia
Round with radial striations
151
Taenia pisiformis
IH--rabbits and hares
FH--dogs
Path--diarrhea
152
Taenia hydatigena
IH--ruminants
FH--dogs, sometimes cats
Path--diarrhea
153
Taenia hydatigena tx
Mebendazole
Fenbendazole
Praziquantel
Espirantel
154
Taenia ovis
IH--sheep
| FH--dogs and cats
155
Taenia ovis tx
Mebendazole
Fenbendazole
Praziquantel
Espirantel
156
Taenia taeniaformis
"Cat rat tapeworm"
157
Taenia taeniaformis tx
Fenbendazole
| Praziquantel
158
Taenia multiceps
Dog
159
Anoplocephala
D shaped hexacanth embryo
IH--orbatid mite
FH--horse
160
Anoplocephala tx
Mebendazole
| Fenbendazole
161
Moniezia
Square or triangle hexacanth embryo
IH--orbatid mite
FH--sheep, cattle
162
Moniezia tx
Fenbendaqole
| Albendqzole
163
Echinococcus
Humans
- hydatid cysts
- reportable dz
164
Roundworms
```
Nemahelmenthes
Nematoda (Nematodes)
Ascarids
Dirofilaria immitis
Trichuris
Toxocara
Toxascaris leonina
Oxyuris equi
Dioctyphema renale
Pearsonema
Ancylostoma
Ruminant TASE
Lungworms
```
165
Dirofilaria immitis
```
Long worm on blood film
Heartworm
Microfilaria--BAD
Adults
-ELISA ag test
--test for female adult worms
```
166
Trichuris
"Stewie"
Whipworm
PHS--can be seen in coprophagic children
167
Toxocara
Outer ropey edge
| Dark inside
168
Toxocara canis
```
FH--dog
Path--pot-belly appearance
PHS
-VLM -- Visceral Larval Migrans
-OLM -- Ocular Larval Migrans
```
169
Toxocara canis tx
Ivermectin
Fenbendazole
Milbemycin
Pyrantel
170
Toxocara cati
```
FH--cat
Path--pot-belly appearance
PHS
-VLM
-OLM
```
171
Toxocara cati tx
Milbenycin
| Fenbendazole
172
Toxocara vitulorum
```
FH--ruminants
Path--unthriftiness
PHS
-VLM
-OLM
```
173
Toxocara vitularum
Fenbendazole
| Milbemycin
174
Toxascaris leonina
```
"Arrowhead worm"
Inner ropey edge
FH--dogs and cats
Path--pot-belly appearance
PHS--VLM
```
175
Toxascaris leonina tx
Milbemycin
| Fenbendazole
176
Oxyuris equi
```
"Horse Pinworm"
Oval shaped
Scotch tape prep
FH--horse
SOI--cecum
Path--"rat tail"
```
177
Oxyuris equi tx
Fenbendazole
Moxidectin
Ivermetcin
178
Dioctyphema renale
```
"Giant Kidney Worm"
IH--annelid worm
FH--minks, weasels, canids
Path--destruction of kidney
PHS
-DO NOT EAT RAW CRAYFISH
-Human susceptible
```
179
Dioctyphema renale tx
surgical removal
180
Pearsonema
```
Seen in U/A
Looks like a "bubbly Stewie"
plica--dogs
felis cati--cats
"Bladder worm"
SOI--urinary bladder
Ivermectin
```
181
Ancylostoma
```
Hookworms
-dogs and cats
-cold weather hookworm--dogs only
PHS-- CLM
Ivermectin
```
182
Ruminant TASE
Hookworms
-but report out TASE
-Ivermectin tx
Typical Appearing Strongyle Egg
183
Haemonchus
"Barber Pole Worm"
"Bottle Jaw"
ruminants
184
Ostertagia
Brown stomach worm
"Morrocco Leather"
Cattle
185
Cooperia
"Cattle Bankrupt Worm"
Diarrhea
Cattle, sheep, goats
186
Trichostrongylus
"Black scour worm"
"Hair worm"
Blood scours
Cattle, sheep
187
Lungworms
Aleurostrongylus
188
Aleurostrogylus
"Cat lungworm"
IH--snails, slugs
FH--cats
Ivermectin
189
Protozoans
```
Giardia
Coccidia
Isospera
Eimeria
Toxoplasma
```
190
Giardia
Trophs--kites
Cysts--small
Metronidazole--Flagyl
PHS--zoonotic
191
Coccidia
one spore
192
Isospera
2 spores
193
Eimeria
4 spores
| sensitive to Sulfa drugs
194
Toxoplasma
Domestic cats
| PHS-- can damage human fetus
195
Ticks
```
Dermacentor variabilis
Dermacentor andersoni
Ixodes
Otodectes
Cheyletiella
```
196
Dermecentor variablilis
"American dog tick"
FH--dogs, horses, cattle
Skin
PHS--can infest humans
197
Dermecentor andersoni
Rocky Mountain Spotted Tick
Wood tick
FH--horses, cattle, sheep
PHS--can infest humans
198
Ixodes
Lone star tick
FH--ruminants, dogs, cats, humans
PHS--humans can get Lyme dz
199
Otodectes
Ear mite
| FH--cat and dogs
200
Cheyletiella
Walking Dandruff
FH--dogs, cats, rabbits
PHS--humans can get it
Mitaban dip
201
Fleas
Ctenocephalites
202
Ctenocephalites
FH--Everyone
Bubonic Plague
PHS--humans can get it
203
Mites
Demodex
Sarcoptes scabei
Knemidokoptes
204
Demodex
canis--dog
felis--cats
demodectic mange
-deep skin scrape
205
Sarcoptes scabei
Sarcoptic Mange
Mitaban Dip
Zoonotic
206
Knemidokoptes
Scaley Leg Mite
Mange
Ivermectin
207
Flies
Cuterebra
208
Cuterebra
Rabbit Bot Fly
FH-- cats, dogs, rabbits, rodents
PHS--dermal and nasal infection
209
Blood Parasites
Anaplasma marginale
Mycoplasma haemofelis
Morbillivirus
210
Anaplasma marginale
Large animals
Dots on RBCs
-can be stained in NMB
211
Mycoplasma haemofelis
Cat
| Many uniform dots on RBCs
212
Morbilivirus
Dog
Distemper virus
WBC parasite
213
True or false
| Demodex is a burrowing mite and is diagnosed with a scotch tape prep
False
| Deep skin scrape
214
True or false
| ELISA heartworm tests detect microfilaria antigens
False
| Adult females
215
True or false
| Otodectes is the genus name of the common ear mite
True
216
Trichuris vulpis
Whipworm
217
Ancylostoma caninum
Hookworm
218
Toxocara canis
Canine roundworm
219
Dirofilaria immitus
Heartworm
220
Dipylidium caninum
Flea tapeworm
221
Isospera/Eimeria
| Family name
Coccidians
222
Strongylus vulgaris
Equine bloodworm
223
Oxyuris equi
Horse pinworm
224
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Brown dog tick
225
Cuterebra
Rabbit bot
226
True or false
| Sarcoptes mites cause walking dandruff
False
227
True or false
| Fleas are the intermediate host for Taenia
False
228
True or false
| The Ixodes tick is the vector that transmits Lyme dz
True
229
Pregnant women should not clean kitty litter boxes because of possible transmission of what parasite?
Toxoplasmosis
| Toxoplasma gondii
230
VLM in people is caused by
Roundworms
231
CLM in people is caused by
Hookworms
