Paranasal Sinuses - Regional Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What age do the frontal and sphenoid become visible on a radiograph

A

6/7 years of age

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2
Q

What sinus develops last

A

Ethmoid

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3
Q

What is it lined by

A

Nasal mucous membrane e.g. ciliated columnar epithelium

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4
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Maxillary (2) - maxillary (facial) bones
  2. Frontal (2) - frontal (cranial) bones
  3. Ethmoid (many) - ethmoid (cranial) bones
  4. Sphenoid (cranial) bones
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5
Q

Maxillary sinus

A
  • frontal view - pyramidal shaped
  • anteriorly - bounded by facial surface of maxilla
  • posteriorly - related to pterygopalatine fossa
  • opening of maxillary sinus is into nasal cavity between inferior and middle conchae
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6
Q

Maxillary sinus complications?

A

Complications:
• Walls of the maxilla are very thin
• They are usually paired and fairly symmetric in size and shape
• Complications can occur when extracting molars
• Oral Antral Fistula can occur
• Infection called sinusitis occurs

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7
Q

Frontal sinuses

A
  • occupy frontal bone above superior surface of orbit, posterior to the glabella
  • rarely become aerated before age 6
  • rarely symmetric
  • separated by a septum
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8
Q

Ethmoid sinus

A
  • contained within the lateral masses or labyrinths of the ethmoid bone
  • these air cells are grouped into anterior, middle and posterior collections but they all intercommunicate
  • side view -anterior ethmoid sinuses appear to fill the orbits - because portions of the ethmoid sinuses are contained in the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone, which helps form the medial wall of each orbit
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9
Q

Sphenoid sinus

A
  • lies in body of the sphenoid bone directly below the sella turcica
  • body of sphenoid containing these is cubic and frequently divided by a thin septum to form two cavities - septum may be incomplete or absent entirely, however, resulting in only one cavity
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10
Q

Functions of paranasal sinuses

A

• Aid in cleaning nasal passages
• Providing resonance to voice
• Warming and moistening air
• Reducing total weight of head
• Insulating brain from temperature extremes

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11
Q

Lymphatic Drainage - where does the lateral wall of the nose drain into

A

Submandibular nodes

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12
Q

Lymphatic Drainage - where does the posterior part of the nasal cavity drain into

A

Retropharangeal and upper deep cervical lymph nodes

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13
Q

Nerve supply - frontal

A

Supplied by supraorbital nerve from ophthalmic from ophthalmic division of the trigeminal

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14
Q

Nerve supply - sphenoidal and ethmoidal

A

Supplied by ethmoidal branches of maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

Nerve supply - maxillary

A

Supplied by branches of superior alveolar and infraorbital nerves from maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

Blood supply - maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses

A

supplied by sphenopalatine or nasal artery (terminal branch of maxillary artery)

17
Q

Blood supply - sphenoidal, frontal and ethmoidal

A

supplied by anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of opthalmic artery

18
Q

Blood supply

A

Branches of anterior middle and posterior superior
alveolar arteries also help to supply maxillary sinus