Central Nervous System - Nervous System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system divided into?

A
  • central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
  • peripheral nervous system (connects everything to the brain and spinal cord)
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2
Q

What are the different types of neurones?

A
  • motor neurone (signal to muscle - tells them to move)
  • sensory neurone (sends signal from sense organ)
  • relay neurone (connects neurones to other neurones)
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3
Q

What are the meninges of the brain

A

Meninges = layers of membrane which protect the brain and spinal cord
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid

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4
Q

What are the parts of the brain?

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla
  • cerebellum
  • cerebrum (cortex)
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5
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • mental activities - memory, intelligence, thinking, learning etc
  • sensory perception - pain, temperature, touch, special senses
  • initiation and control - contraction and control of voluntary muscles
    > Motor area on right hemisphere controls voluntary movement on left side of the body
    > Motor area on left hemisphere controls voluntary movement on right side of the body
  • white matter - inner
  • grey matter - outer
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6
Q

Midbrain

A
  • between cerebrum above and the pons below - relay station (think back to relay neurones)
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7
Q

Pons

A
  • situated in front of cerebellum, below midbrain and above medulla - Autonomic NS.
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8
Q

Medulla

A
  • lies just above foramen magnum and attaches to the spinal cord.
  • several cranial nerves arise and form groups of neuron cells bodies in medulla
  • some nuclei are called control centres:
    • the cardiac
    • the respiratory
    • vasomotor
    • reflex centre - swallowing, coughing
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9
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • situated behind the pons
  • concerned with voluntary muscular movement and balance
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10
Q

Spinal cord

A
  • elongated, cylindrical part of CNS
  • lies within vertebral canal
  • continuous - medulla above
  • 18” long
  • link between brain and organs etc
  • conveys impulses to and from brain
  • white matter = outer
  • grey matter = inner
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11
Q

White matter of the spinal cord

A
  • arranged in columns
  • formed by sensory nerve fibres ascending to the brain
  • motor nerve fibres descending from the brain
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12
Q

Grey matter in spinal cord

A
  • resembles H-shape
  • motor nerves situated in anterior horn
  • sensory nerve fibres enter spinal cord via posterior horn
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