Central Nervous System - Nervous System 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the nervous system divided into?
A
- central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
- peripheral nervous system (connects everything to the brain and spinal cord)
2
Q
What are the different types of neurones?
A
- motor neurone (signal to muscle - tells them to move)
- sensory neurone (sends signal from sense organ)
- relay neurone (connects neurones to other neurones)
3
Q
What are the meninges of the brain
A
Meninges = layers of membrane which protect the brain and spinal cord
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
Cerebrospinal fluid
4
Q
What are the parts of the brain?
A
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla
- cerebellum
- cerebrum (cortex)
5
Q
Cerebrum
A
- mental activities - memory, intelligence, thinking, learning etc
- sensory perception - pain, temperature, touch, special senses
- initiation and control - contraction and control of voluntary muscles
> Motor area on right hemisphere controls voluntary movement on left side of the body
> Motor area on left hemisphere controls voluntary movement on right side of the body - white matter - inner
- grey matter - outer
6
Q
Midbrain
A
- between cerebrum above and the pons below - relay station (think back to relay neurones)
7
Q
Pons
A
- situated in front of cerebellum, below midbrain and above medulla - Autonomic NS.
8
Q
Medulla
A
- lies just above foramen magnum and attaches to the spinal cord.
- several cranial nerves arise and form groups of neuron cells bodies in medulla
- some nuclei are called control centres:
- the cardiac
- the respiratory
- vasomotor
- reflex centre - swallowing, coughing
9
Q
Cerebellum
A
- situated behind the pons
- concerned with voluntary muscular movement and balance
10
Q
Spinal cord
A
- elongated, cylindrical part of CNS
- lies within vertebral canal
- continuous - medulla above
- 18” long
- link between brain and organs etc
- conveys impulses to and from brain
- white matter = outer
- grey matter = inner
11
Q
White matter of the spinal cord
A
- arranged in columns
- formed by sensory nerve fibres ascending to the brain
- motor nerve fibres descending from the brain
12
Q
Grey matter in spinal cord
A
- resembles H-shape
- motor nerves situated in anterior horn
- sensory nerve fibres enter spinal cord via posterior horn