Diet 1 - Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of digestion

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Movement
  3. Mechanical and chemical digestion
  4. Absorption
  5. Elimination
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2
Q

Types of digestion

A
  • mechanical (physical)
    Mastication
  • chemical
    Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
    > carbohydrates
    > proteins
    > lipids
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3
Q

Alimentary tract

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • rectum
  • anal canal
  • accessory organs
    > saliva glands
    > pancreas
    > liver
    > biliary tract
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4
Q

Digestive system organisation

A
  • gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract
  • direct link/path between organs
    structures:
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Rectum
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5
Q

Mouth

A
  • teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces
  • tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase - helps break down starch)
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6
Q

Pharynx

A
  • epiglottis is a flap at back of throat
  • it closes over preventing food from entering it
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7
Q

Oesophagus

A
  • approx. 10” long
  • functions are:
    1. Secrete mucus
    2. Move food from throat to stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis
    (If acid from stomach gets in here = heartburn)
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8
Q

Stomach

A
  • J shaped muscular bag - stores food eaten and breaks it down into tiny pieces
  • mixes food with digestive juices - contains enzymes to break down proteins and lipids
  • acid in stomach kills bacteria
  • food found here is called chyme
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9
Q

Small intestine

A
  • 7 meters long
  • lining of walls has finger like projections called villi - increases surface area
  • villi are covered in microvilli - further increases surface area for absorption
  • 3 parts - Duodenum, Jejunum and lleum
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10
Q

Small intestine (2)

A
  • nutrients from food pass into bloodstream through small intestine walls

Absorbs:
– 80% ingested water
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids

  • secretes digestive enzymes
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11
Q

Large intestine

A
  • 5 feet long
  • accepts what small intestines don’t absorb
    Rectum (short term storage - holds faeces before expelled)
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12
Q

Large intestine (2)

A

Functions:
- bacterial digestion.
Ferment carbohydrates
- protein breakdown
- absorbs more water
- concentrate wastes

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13
Q

What are your accessory organs

A
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
    Not part of food path - but play critical role
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14
Q

Liver

A
  • directly affects digestion by producing bile
    Bile:
  • helps digest fat
  • filters out toxins and waste - including drugs and alcohol
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15
Q

Gall bladder

A
  • stores bile from liver - releases into small intestine
  • fatty diets cause gallstones
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16
Q

Pancreas

A
  • produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins
  • regulates blood sugar by producing insulin