Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Virology Spring17 > Paramyxoviridae > Flashcards

Paramyxoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Paramyxoviridae viruses have ____ stranded, _____ sense RNA

A 
Single stranded (linear)
Negative sense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is unique about the shape of the nucleocapsid of paramyxoviruses?

A

“herring bone” shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What paramyxovirus has been completely eradicated?

A

Rinderpest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: paramyxoviruses have an envelope

A

TRUE

Envelope with glycoprotein spikes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What shape are paramyxoviruses?

A

PLEOMORPHIC - spherical or filamentous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 major membrane proteins within the envelope of paramyxoviruses?

A

MATRIX (M)

  • *FUSION (F) - mediates fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane
  • HEMAGGLUTININ (H)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 major nucleocapsid proteins (Ribonucleo proteins) of paramyxoviruses?

A

RNA Binding Protein (N)
Phosphoprotein (P)
Large Poymerase (L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the attachment proteins of paramyxoviruses?

A

Hemagglutinin neurominidase (HN) and glycoprotein (G)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the combinations of proteins to makes the glycoprotein envelope spikes in paramyxoviruses?

A

F and G (fusion and glycoprotein)
F and HN (fusion and hemagglutinin neurominidase)
F and H (fusion and hemagglutinin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: the host cells will produce antibodies to neutralize the envelope glycoproteins.

A

TRUE
antibodies directs against these proteins are most commonly neutralizing - important protection mechanism against paramycoviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do paramyxoviruses replicate in the host cell?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What receptor do morbilliviruses used to invade host cells?

A

CD150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do Rubula, Respro, and Avulaviruses invade host cells?

A

HN molecules bind to sialic acid residues (glycolipids/glycoproteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cell surface receptors do Henipaviruses use to invade host cells? What role does this have in their pathogenesis?

A

Use ephrin B2 and ephrine B3 receptors
These are located on the cell surface of endothelial cells and on brain stem neurons (viruses tend to be fatal if they enter the brain stem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What receptor do Pneumoviruses use to invade host cells?

A

Heparan sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the order of paramyxovirus replication inside the host cell?

A

(Negative sense) RNA –> mRNA –> RNA –> viral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What cellular effect do paramyxoviruses have on host cells?

A

Lysis or syncytia (joining together to create lg cells)
Replication will leave acidophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and/or acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (even though replication is in cytoplasm only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What disease does Avian paramyxovirus-1 cause?

A

New Castle Disease - Chickens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

To which genus does New Castle Disease belong?

A

Avulavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 5 pathotypes of Avian paramyxovirus-1?

A
  1. Viscerotropic velogenic (most pathogenic)
  2. Neurotropic velogenic
  3. Mesogenic
  4. Lentogenic or Respiratory
  5. Asymptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F: paramyxoviruses cause hemoadsorption of infected cells

A

TRUE

Agglutination of RBCs around infected cells - can be used as a dx test on the farm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: New castle disease is common in North America

A

FALSE

good vax protocol has significantly decreased the prevalence of this dx in North America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: New castle disease is not a zoonotic pathogen

A

FALSE

this is zoonotic - vets and farmers are most as risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the modes of transmission of Avian paramyxovirus-1?

A

*secreted through feces
Direct contact - fomites
Infection through egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F: Lentogenic strains of new castle dz are common.

A

TRUE - these are found all over

*subclinical - mild respiratory signs - low mortality

26
Q

T/F: Mesogenic strains of New Castle dz have a high mortality rate

A

FALSE

Mortality less than 10%
acute respiratory dz - neuro signs

27
Q

What are clinical signs of Velogenic Avian Paramyxoviruse-1?

A

HIGH MORTALITY - up to 100%
Resp. signs, CNS - torticollis/tremors, lethargy, anorexia, green/white dhr, peri-tracheal edema, cecal and tonsil necrosis, decrease in egg production
**birds that survive may never lay eggs again

28
Q

What is an easy dx test that can performed on the farm if you suspect New Castle Dz?

A

haemagglutination test

29
Q

What dx tests should be performed to confirm the dx of New Castle dz?

A

**isolating the virus is gold standard dx: this method uses SPF (specific pathogen free eggs) to culture virus

Other methods: ELISA and Rt-PCR

30
Q

T/F: the best samples for testing for avian paramyxovirus-1 are collected at necropsy.

A

FALSE

It is best to get samples from live, sick chickens (that are close to death) - blood, tracheal, oropharyngeal swabs

31
Q

What strains of avian paramyxovirus-1 are used to make the live vaccine for new castle disease?
What are the modes of administration for this vaccine?

A

Lentogenic and mesogenic

admin via aerosol spray, in drinking water, intranasal, conjunctival instillation
**this is ideal for commercial farms

32
Q

T/F: The inactivated vaccine for Avian paramyxovirus is more cost effective for commercial farmers

A

FALSE

This vaccine is expense and must be injected into each bird - not ideal for commercial farming

33
Q

What is the best form of treatment for New Castle Disease?

A

jk jk jk jk jk… CULL THEM ALL :(

make sure no wild birds or pests can get into chicken houses, practice “all in-all out” methods

34
Q

T/F: The Nipah virus is a new emerging virus of high zoonotic concern

A

TRUE
This virus is considered a Biological weapon by the CDC
ZOONOTIC
BSL4

35
Q

Who is the reservoir for Nipah virus?

A

Flying foxes aka fruit bats

36
Q

To what genus does the Nipah virus belong?

A

Henipavirus

37
Q

From which animal does the Nipah virus spread to humans?

A

PIGS

The virus starts in bats –> infects pigs –> pigs will infect humans, dogs, cats, horses, etc via DIRECT CONTACT

38
Q

What are the dz names used for the Nipah virus?

A

Barking pig syndrome
Porcine respiratory and encephalitis syndrome
Porcine respiratory and neurologic syyndrome

39
Q

T/F: The nipah virus can not survive long in bat urine or fruit juice

A

FALSE

It can survive for days in bat urine and fruit juice (suspected to be MOT to pigs - not confirmed yet)

40
Q

What clinical signs do you see in piglets less than a month of age, infected with nipah virus?

A

Labored breathing - muscle tremors

Mortality = 40%

41
Q

What clinical signs do you see in piglets between 1 - 6 months of age, infected with nipah virus?

A

Acute fever with respiratory signs, difficulty breathing, nasal discharge, ***loud non-productive cough
Neuro signs - muscular fasciculation, myoclonus, limb weakness and partial paresis
HIGH morbidity, LOW mortality

42
Q

What clinical signs do you see in pigs over 6 months old, infected with nipah virus?

A

100% Morbidity
Acute fever, resp. distress, nasal discharge –> secondary infections
***Neuro signs - muscular fasciculation, myoclonus, limb weakness and paresis
Sows in first trimester = abortions

43
Q

What dx test is required if you suspect Nipah virus?

A

Must ISOLATE VIRUS (2 cell lines are used: Vero, RK-13)

other dx: virus neutralization (plaque reduction), real time PCR, Immunohistochemistry

44
Q

T/F: Pigs infected with Nipah virus must be culled

A

TRUE

cull and burn the carcasses

45
Q

To which genus does canine distemper virus belong?

A

Morbilivirus

46
Q

T/F: Canine distemper can infection wild cats

A

TRUE
but it DOES NOT infect domestic cat species
***canine and feline distemper DO NOT have the same epidemiology

47
Q

What strain of Canine Distemper is present in the US? Who are the reservoirs?

A

American-1

Circulating in raccoons

48
Q

T/F: America, Asia, Europe, and the Artic all have unique strains of canine distemper

A

TRUE

49
Q

T/F: Vomiting and Diarrhea is not a clinical sign of canine distemper virus

A

FALSE

This can be noted in severe infections - perfuse watery dhr and vomiting

50
Q

What kind of prognosis does a dog with neurological signs from distemper virus have?

A

POOR

51
Q

What other clinical signs are usually associated with CNS signs in dogs infected with canine distemper?

A

Hyperkeratosis of paw pads and nose (due to the virus replication in those tissues)

CNS signs include - seizures and para/tetra-paresis

52
Q

What secretions/excretions is the canine distemper virus shed in?

A

ALL OF THEM —- EVERYTHING

53
Q

What are common clinical signs noted in patients with canine distemper virus?

A

Respiratory signs - Bilateral nasal discharge - starts serous –> mucopurulent (usually due to secondary infections), decreased appetite, FEVER, coughing, depression, conjunctivitis, leukopenia

54
Q

Who is the most susceptible to the canine distemper virus?

A

puppies 4-6 months old

55
Q

Where does canine distemper virus replicate?

What cells does it infect

A

First in the upper respiratory macrophages –> spreads to tonsils and LN –> viremia – can attack T and B cells and begin replicating in the epithelial cells of the lungs, bladder, and skin

***Distemper infects ALL CELLS expressing CD150

56
Q

What is the fastest Dx test for canine distemper?

A

Real time PCR

Other tests - virus isolation (via lymphocytes - CD150) and immunofluorescence

57
Q

T/F: if a dog recovers from a distemper infection, it will have temporary immunity from the virus.

A

FALSE - life long immunity

58
Q

How do you treat canine distemper?

A

Symptomatically - quarantine

No anti-viral tx available

59
Q

What type of vaccine is used for canine distemper?

A

MODIFIED LIVE

60
Q

What can be given to a patient ASAP if they have come in contact with a distemper positive animal?

A

Hyper-immune serum

61
Q

T/F: Paramyxoviruses can replicate in enucleated cells

A

TRUE

RUSVM Virology Spring17 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions