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RUSVM Virology Spring17 > Coronaviridae > Flashcards

Coronaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of coronaviruses nucleocapisid?

And the shape of toroviruses?

A 
Coronavirus = helically coiled
Toroviruses = donut shaped - tightly coiled tubular nucleocapsid
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2
Q

Where does the envelope of a coronavirus come from?

A

Budding from the ER

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3
Q

How does a coronavirus leave the host cell?

A

Exocytosis

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4
Q

Where does a coronavirus replicate within the cell?

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

What coronavirus group is Transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs (TGE) in?

A

Group 1 A

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6
Q

What are the two forms of TGE?

Which one has a higher mortality?

A

Epidemic (higher mortality) and Endemic

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7
Q

When do you see the Epidemic form of TGE?

A

Epidemic: Virus spreads through a herd that has had NO PREVIOUS EXPOSURE
Usually occurs in the winter time
High morbidity and high mortality

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8
Q

When do you see the Endemic form of TGE?

A

Occurs in herds that have partial protection (from previous exposure)
OR
As a concurrent respiratory coronavirus

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9
Q

T/F: Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) is a mutation of TGE

A

TRUE

A deletion mutant of TGE virus

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10
Q

Where is TGE a common problem?

A

The US

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11
Q

What is the most common MOT for TGE?

A

Fecal - oral***

**Adults who are subclinical tend to get piglets infected

Direct contact, aerosol, fomites are other modes

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12
Q

Where in the body does TGE replicate and what does it cause?

A

Replication occurs in the SMALL intestine vili

They get blunted, atrophied, and fuse together –> no absorption

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13
Q

What are clinical signs of TGE? Who is gets infected?

A

Severe dz in piglets

Profuse DHR/Vomiting
Depression, watery yellow/green DHR
clots of undigested milk in intestines and feces
Intestines accumulate gas due to rotting food

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14
Q

What prevention measures can be performed for TGE?

A

Vaccinate sows, practice all in - all out methods, keep pigs in groups with the same age groups

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15
Q

T/F: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) is a variation of TGE

A

FALSE!!! - these viruses are not related, but they are clinically indistinguishable

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16
Q

What group of coronaviruses does PED belong to?

A

Group 1 B

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17
Q

What is the MOT of PED?

A

Fecal-ORAL

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18
Q

T/F: PED causes diarrhea in primarily piglets

A

FALSE

PED causes diarrhea in adult pigs and piglets
Morbidity = 100% Mortality = 30-100%

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19
Q

T/F: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea is not a virus that occurs often in the US

A

FALSE

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20
Q

What does Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus cause?

A

Vomiting and wasting disease in pigs

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21
Q

What is the MOI for porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus?

A

Aerosol and contact with nasal secretions

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22
Q

What does porcine hemaglut. encephalomyelitis cause in piglets less than 4 weeks of age? And in piglets less than 2 weeks of age?

A

Less than 4 weeks = Vomiting and wasting

less than 2 weeks = non-suppurative encephalitis

23
Q

What is the progression of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis?

A

Replication in the nasal mucosa –> Replications in lungs/tonsils/small intestine –> Spreads to CNS and PNS–>Replication in brain stem/cerebrum/cerebellum –>encephalomyelitis OR disruption of gastric emptying –> vomiting and malnutrition

24
Q

What are clinical signs observed in a piglet with vomiting and wasting dz?

A

Constant retching vomiting - yellow/green material that is highly odorous, anorexia, dehydration, cyanosis, food will rot in intestines and accumulate gas

25
Q

Who does bovine corona virus affect?

A

Calves 1d to 3 months old (mostly between 1-2 weeks of age)

26
Q

Where in the body does bovine corona virus replicate and what are its implications?

A

Replication occurs in the small and large intestine:
Atrophy of vili and crypt epithelium damage leads to malabsorption and increased secretory function –> Profuse DHR - sometimes hemorrhagic

27
Q

Besides DHR, what other clinical signs might you see in a calf infected with bovine corona virus?

A

Upper respiratory infection - minor effects

28
Q

T/F: Bovine corona virus is usually a self limiting virus

A

TRUE

29
Q

What time of year is it most common to have outbreaks of bovine coronavirus and how is it transmitted?

A

outbreaks are most common in the winter

fecal oral transmission

30
Q

Is there a vaccine for bovine coronavirus?

A

YES

Combo vax with other pathogens - should be admin to pregnant cow - to passively pass immunity to calves

31
Q

Who does winter dysentery affect?

A

Adult cattle - specifically cows who have just given birth or are lactating
Explosive outbreaks in winter

Watery - green/black dhr

32
Q

T/F: winter dysentery is closely related with bovine coronavirus

A

TRUE

It is believed to be a mutation of the bovine corona virus - similar, but antigenically different

33
Q

T/F: Winter dysentery also caused perfuse DHR in calves

A

FALSE

young calves will have mild signs if any

34
Q

what percentage of cats exposed to feline corona virus will end up contracting FIP?

A

Only 1-3%

Aggressive mutations of the feline enteric corona virus occur, causing FIP

35
Q

T/F: Feline enteric corona virus invades macrophages

A

FALSE

only FIP

36
Q

Where do feline enteric coronaviruses replicate?

A

intestine

37
Q

What percentage of cats are clinically effected when exposed to feline enteric corona virus?

A

70% will contract the mild form - causing dhr

38
Q

How does a cat become a persistent carrier of FIP, and what percentage are?

A

5-10% of cats that recover from the mild enteric form of feline coronavirus will become persistent carriers

39
Q

What is the MOT for feline corona virus?

A

FECAL ORAL** most common

inhalation and transplacental possible

40
Q

What surface proteins does FIP use to enter macrophages?

A

CD13

41
Q

Once in macrophages, how does FIP progress throughout the body?

A

Infected macrophages travel throughout the body and trigger inflammatory cytokines –> They also create granulomas in the endothelium of blood vessels in organs such as; liver, spleen, kidneys

FIPV infected macrophages in LN will release TNF; causing apoptosis of lymphocytes
IL10 will change the cellular response to humoral –> antibodies will attract infected macrophages–> leads to more infected cells/macrophages

42
Q

T/F: A cat with a weak cellular response, but strong humoral response should be able to fight an FIP infection

A

FALSE

A STRONG cellular response and WEAK humoral response would be ideal for fighting an FIP infection

43
Q

What a cat has a ________ cellular response and _____ humoral response, they will contract the _____ form of FIP.

A

When a cat has a WEAK cellular response and STRONG humoral response, they will contract the WET form of FIP.

Wet- peritonitis, pleuritic, vasculitis, ascites, glomerulonephritis

44
Q

Intermediate cellular and humoral response will lead to what form of FIP?

A

Dry form: small ocular lesions, granulomas in LN and Kd, CNS involvement

45
Q

What diagnostic test is performed to confirm FIP?

A

Rivalta test (can use sample of effusion)

other tests: IFA, RT-PCR

46
Q

What diseases does Avian Infections Bronchitis (IB) cause?

A 
Respiratory dz
Nephrotopic - renal failure
uterotropic - decreased egg production/quality
enterotropic
proventricular
47
Q

What protein involved with avian IB is antigenically important, and induces the protective immunity?

A

S protein

48
Q

MOT for avian infectious bronchitis?

A

Inhalation
aerosol
direct contact and fomites

49
Q

T/F: Avian infectious bronchitis can cause renal failure and gout

A

TRUE

50
Q

Who should be vaccinated for infectious bronchitis?

A

Broilers (usually get live vax)

Breeders and layers (usually get killed vax)

51
Q

T/F: Chickens that recover from Infectious Bronchitis will become carriers

A

TRUE

52
Q

What is unique about the nucleocapside of Toroviruses?

A

They are shaped like a half donut

53
Q

What does Bovine Torovirus cause?

A

aka Breda virus

Causes perfuse diarrhea in calves (up to 4 months of age - 2-5 day old calves most commonly)

54
Q

What damage does bovine torovirus cause and how is it transmitted?

A

It replicates in the lower half of the villi and the crypts in the jejunum - ileum, also crypt epithelium of the colon and cecum –> causes villious atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and fused villi –> malabsorption dhr

Fecal-oral route and nasal

RUSVM Virology Spring17 (23 decks)

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