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RUSVM Virology Spring17 > Coronaviridae > Flashcards

Coronaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of coronaviruses nucleocapisid?

And the shape of toroviruses?

A 
Coronavirus = helically coiled
Toroviruses = donut shaped - tightly coiled tubular nucleocapsid
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2
Q

Where does the envelope of a coronavirus come from?

A

Budding from the ER

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3
Q

How does a coronavirus leave the host cell?

A

Exocytosis

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4
Q

Where does a coronavirus replicate within the cell?

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

What coronavirus group is Transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs (TGE) in?

A

Group 1 A

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6
Q

What are the two forms of TGE?

Which one has a higher mortality?

A

Epidemic (higher mortality) and Endemic

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7
Q

When do you see the Epidemic form of TGE?

A

Epidemic: Virus spreads through a herd that has had NO PREVIOUS EXPOSURE
Usually occurs in the winter time
High morbidity and high mortality

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8
Q

When do you see the Endemic form of TGE?

A

Occurs in herds that have partial protection (from previous exposure)
OR
As a concurrent respiratory coronavirus

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9
Q

T/F: Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) is a mutation of TGE

A

TRUE

A deletion mutant of TGE virus

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10
Q

Where is TGE a common problem?

A

The US

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11
Q

What is the most common MOT for TGE?

A

Fecal - oral***

**Adults who are subclinical tend to get piglets infected

Direct contact, aerosol, fomites are other modes

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12
Q

Where in the body does TGE replicate and what does it cause?

A

Replication occurs in the SMALL intestine vili

They get blunted, atrophied, and fuse together –> no absorption

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13
Q

What are clinical signs of TGE? Who is gets infected?

A

Severe dz in piglets

Profuse DHR/Vomiting
Depression, watery yellow/green DHR
clots of undigested milk in intestines and feces
Intestines accumulate gas due to rotting food

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14
Q

What prevention measures can be performed for TGE?

A

Vaccinate sows, practice all in - all out methods, keep pigs in groups with the same age groups

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15
Q

T/F: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) is a variation of TGE

A

FALSE!!! - these viruses are not related, but they are clinically indistinguishable

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16
Q

What group of coronaviruses does PED belong to?

A

Group 1 B

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17
Q

What is the MOT of PED?

A

Fecal-ORAL

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18
Q

T/F: PED causes diarrhea in primarily piglets

A

FALSE

PED causes diarrhea in adult pigs and piglets
Morbidity = 100% Mortality = 30-100%

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19
Q

T/F: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea is not a virus that occurs often in the US

A

FALSE

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20
Q

What does Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus cause?

A

Vomiting and wasting disease in pigs

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21
Q

What is the MOI for porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus?

A

Aerosol and contact with nasal secretions

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22
Q

What does porcine hemaglut. encephalomyelitis cause in piglets less than 4 weeks of age? And in piglets less than 2 weeks of age?

A

Less than 4 weeks = Vomiting and wasting

less than 2 weeks = non-suppurative encephalitis

23
Q

What is the progression of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis?

A

Replication in the nasal mucosa –> Replications in lungs/tonsils/small intestine –> Spreads to CNS and PNS–>Replication in brain stem/cerebrum/cerebellum –>encephalomyelitis OR disruption of gastric emptying –> vomiting and malnutrition

24
Q

What are clinical signs observed in a piglet with vomiting and wasting dz?

A

Constant retching vomiting - yellow/green material that is highly odorous, anorexia, dehydration, cyanosis, food will rot in intestines and accumulate gas

25
Who does bovine corona virus affect?
Calves 1d to 3 months old (mostly between 1-2 weeks of age)
26
Where in the body does bovine corona virus replicate and what are its implications?
Replication occurs in the small and large intestine: Atrophy of vili and crypt epithelium damage leads to malabsorption and increased secretory function --> Profuse DHR - sometimes hemorrhagic
27
Besides DHR, what other clinical signs might you see in a calf infected with bovine corona virus?
Upper respiratory infection - minor effects
28
T/F: Bovine corona virus is usually a self limiting virus
TRUE
29
What time of year is it most common to have outbreaks of bovine coronavirus and how is it transmitted?
outbreaks are most common in the winter fecal oral transmission
30
Is there a vaccine for bovine coronavirus?
YES | Combo vax with other pathogens - should be admin to pregnant cow - to passively pass immunity to calves
31
Who does winter dysentery affect?
Adult cattle - specifically cows who have just given birth or are lactating Explosive outbreaks in winter Watery - green/black dhr
32
T/F: winter dysentery is closely related with bovine coronavirus
TRUE | It is believed to be a mutation of the bovine corona virus - similar, but antigenically different
33
T/F: Winter dysentery also caused perfuse DHR in calves
FALSE | young calves will have mild signs if any
34
what percentage of cats exposed to feline corona virus will end up contracting FIP?
Only 1-3% | Aggressive mutations of the feline enteric corona virus occur, causing FIP
35
T/F: Feline enteric corona virus invades macrophages
FALSE only FIP
36
Where do feline enteric coronaviruses replicate?
intestine
37
What percentage of cats are clinically effected when exposed to feline enteric corona virus?
70% will contract the mild form - causing dhr
38
How does a cat become a persistent carrier of FIP, and what percentage are?
5-10% of cats that recover from the mild enteric form of feline coronavirus will become persistent carriers
39
What is the MOT for feline corona virus?
FECAL ORAL** most common inhalation and transplacental possible
40
What surface proteins does FIP use to enter macrophages?
CD13
41
Once in macrophages, how does FIP progress throughout the body?
Infected macrophages travel throughout the body and trigger inflammatory cytokines --> They also create granulomas in the endothelium of blood vessels in organs such as; liver, spleen, kidneys FIPV infected macrophages in LN will release TNF; causing apoptosis of lymphocytes IL10 will change the cellular response to humoral --> antibodies will attract infected macrophages--> leads to more infected cells/macrophages
42
T/F: A cat with a weak cellular response, but strong humoral response should be able to fight an FIP infection
FALSE A STRONG cellular response and WEAK humoral response would be ideal for fighting an FIP infection
43
What a cat has a ________ cellular response and _____ humoral response, they will contract the _____ form of FIP.
When a cat has a WEAK cellular response and STRONG humoral response, they will contract the WET form of FIP. Wet- peritonitis, pleuritic, vasculitis, ascites, glomerulonephritis
44
Intermediate cellular and humoral response will lead to what form of FIP?
Dry form: small ocular lesions, granulomas in LN and Kd, CNS involvement
45
What diagnostic test is performed to confirm FIP?
Rivalta test (can use sample of effusion) other tests: IFA, RT-PCR
46
What diseases does Avian Infections Bronchitis (IB) cause?
``` Respiratory dz Nephrotopic - renal failure uterotropic - decreased egg production/quality enterotropic proventricular ```
47
What protein involved with avian IB is antigenically important, and induces the protective immunity?
S protein
48
MOT for avian infectious bronchitis?
Inhalation aerosol direct contact and fomites
49
T/F: Avian infectious bronchitis can cause renal failure and gout
TRUE
50
Who should be vaccinated for infectious bronchitis?
Broilers (usually get live vax) | Breeders and layers (usually get killed vax)
51
T/F: Chickens that recover from Infectious Bronchitis will become carriers
TRUE
52
What is unique about the nucleocapside of Toroviruses?
They are shaped like a half donut
53
What does Bovine Torovirus cause?
aka Breda virus Causes perfuse diarrhea in calves (up to 4 months of age - 2-5 day old calves most commonly)
54
What damage does bovine torovirus cause and how is it transmitted?
It replicates in the lower half of the villi and the crypts in the jejunum - ileum, also crypt epithelium of the colon and cecum --> causes villious atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and fused villi --> malabsorption dhr Fecal-oral route and nasal

RUSVM Virology Spring17 (23 decks)

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