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Virology > Paramyxoviridae > Flashcards

Paramyxoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What order do paramyxoviruses belong to?

A

Mononegavirales

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2
Q

Viruses caused by paramyxoviruses:

A

rinderpest, canine distemper virus, Newcastle dz, Nipah, measles, mumps

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3
Q

What is characteristic of the nucleocapsid?

A

herringbone shaped

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4
Q

The genome consists of:

A

linear, negative sense, ssRNA

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5
Q

Which genera have 6 genes?

A

respirovirus, avulavirus, henipavirus, morbilivirus

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6
Q

Which genus has 7 genes

A

rubulavirus

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7
Q

Which genus has 10 genes

A

pneumoviruses

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8
Q

Which genus has 8 genes

A

metapneumoviruses

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9
Q

How many glycoprotein spikes are on Paramyxoviruses

A

2 glycoproteins
F and G
F and HN
F and H

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10
Q

Where do they replicate

A

cytoplasm

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11
Q

Is nuclear function required for replication?

A

No: can take place in presence of actinomycin D or in enucleated cells

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12
Q

Where does HN bind for rubula, respiro and avula?

A

sialic acid residue

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13
Q

Where is the receptor for morbiliviruses?

A

CD150

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14
Q

Where is the receptor for henipaviruses?

A

ephrin B2 and B3 cell surface proteins on endothelial cells or on brain steam neurons

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15
Q

What is the receptor for pneumoviruses?

A

heparan sulfate

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16
Q

What are the outcomes for replication of paramyxoviruses?

A

lysis of infected cells or formation of syncytia

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17
Q

What is a unique feature of morbiliviruses?

A

acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies

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18
Q

What genus of paramyxovirus causes Newcastle disease?

A

Avulavirus

APMV-1

19
Q

What are the 5 pathotypes of Avulaviruses?

A

viescerotropic velogenic, neurotropic velogenic, mesogenic, lentogenic or respiratory, and asymptomatic

20
Q

Do turkeys develop severe signs of Newcastle Dz?

A

No

21
Q

Is Newcastle dz zoonotic?

A

yes

22
Q

How is Newcastle dz transmitted?

A

direct contact via ingestion and inhalation of secretions of infected birds or fomites

23
Q

Which NDV pathotype is found in double-crested wild cormorants in US and Canada?

A

velogenic NDV

24
Q

T/F you can diagnose Newcastle Disease with clinical signs alone.

A

F

25
Q

T/F lentogenic strains cause severe disease

A

F: usually subclinical with mild respiratory dz

26
Q

Which strain causes acute respiratory disease but has low mortality?

A

mesogenic strains

27
Q

Which strains cause severe disease with high mortality?

A

velogenic strains

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of velogenic NDV?

A

watery diarrhea, dyspnea, tremors, torticollis, circling, ruffled feathers, drop in egg production

29
Q

T/F Birds that survive velogenic NDV may have complete cessation of egg production?

A

T: but almost 100% mortality in unvaccinated chickens

30
Q

How do you diagnose NDV?

A

virus isolation and ID

*no pathognomonic gross lesions

31
Q

Which is the only strain of NDV to have significant gross lesions ?

A

velogenic

swelling of head, degeneration of ovaries, hemorrhages or necrosis of respiratory/digestive lymhoid tissue

32
Q

How are vaccines administered for NDV?

A

live: lentogenic and mesogenic

drinking water, aerosol, intranasal, conjunctival

33
Q

Genome of Nipah virus?

A

enveloped, negative sense ssRNA

34
Q

Other names for Nipah virus?

A

barking pig syndrome, porcine respiratory and encephalitis syndrome, porcine respiratory and neurologic syndrome

35
Q

What genus of paramyxovirus causes Nipah virus?

A

henipavirus

36
Q

What is the reservoir for Nipah virus?

A 
fruit bats (flying foxes) -> carry virus but not affected 
*found in urine and partially eaten fruit
37
Q

What are the clinical signs of Nipah virus in piglets

A

labored breathing and muscle tremors

38
Q

What are the clinical signs of Nipah virus in pigs 1-6 months old?

A

loud non-productive cough (barking, one mile cough), neuro signs, acute fever

39
Q

What are the clinical signs of Nipah virus in older pigs (> 6 months)?

A

open mouthed breaking, nasal discharge and sialorrhea(drooling),

40
Q

What BSL level is Nipah virus?

A

BSL4 agent

41
Q

How is the Nipah virus identified?

A

virus isolation

African green monkey kidney and rabbit kidney cells -> CPE in 3 days

42
Q

Are there vaccines for Nipah virus?

A

not yet

43
Q

T/F Nipah virus is a bioweapon?

A

T (CDC cat C)

Virology (16 decks)

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