Paramyxoviridae Flashcards
What order do paramyxoviruses belong to?
Mononegavirales
Viruses caused by paramyxoviruses:
rinderpest, canine distemper virus, Newcastle dz, Nipah, measles, mumps
What is characteristic of the nucleocapsid?
herringbone shaped
The genome consists of:
linear, negative sense, ssRNA
Which genera have 6 genes?
respirovirus, avulavirus, henipavirus, morbilivirus
Which genus has 7 genes
rubulavirus
Which genus has 10 genes
pneumoviruses
Which genus has 8 genes
metapneumoviruses
How many glycoprotein spikes are on Paramyxoviruses
2 glycoproteins
F and G
F and HN
F and H
Where do they replicate
cytoplasm
Is nuclear function required for replication?
No: can take place in presence of actinomycin D or in enucleated cells
Where does HN bind for rubula, respiro and avula?
sialic acid residue
Where is the receptor for morbiliviruses?
CD150
Where is the receptor for henipaviruses?
ephrin B2 and B3 cell surface proteins on endothelial cells or on brain steam neurons
What is the receptor for pneumoviruses?
heparan sulfate
What are the outcomes for replication of paramyxoviruses?
lysis of infected cells or formation of syncytia
What is a unique feature of morbiliviruses?
acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
What genus of paramyxovirus causes Newcastle disease?
Avulavirus
APMV-1
What are the 5 pathotypes of Avulaviruses?
viescerotropic velogenic, neurotropic velogenic, mesogenic, lentogenic or respiratory, and asymptomatic
Do turkeys develop severe signs of Newcastle Dz?
No
Is Newcastle dz zoonotic?
yes
How is Newcastle dz transmitted?
direct contact via ingestion and inhalation of secretions of infected birds or fomites
Which NDV pathotype is found in double-crested wild cormorants in US and Canada?
velogenic NDV
T/F you can diagnose Newcastle Disease with clinical signs alone.
F
T/F lentogenic strains cause severe disease
F: usually subclinical with mild respiratory dz
Which strain causes acute respiratory disease but has low mortality?
mesogenic strains
Which strains cause severe disease with high mortality?
velogenic strains
What are the clinical signs of velogenic NDV?
watery diarrhea, dyspnea, tremors, torticollis, circling, ruffled feathers, drop in egg production
T/F Birds that survive velogenic NDV may have complete cessation of egg production?
T: but almost 100% mortality in unvaccinated chickens
How do you diagnose NDV?
virus isolation and ID
*no pathognomonic gross lesions
Which is the only strain of NDV to have significant gross lesions ?
velogenic
swelling of head, degeneration of ovaries, hemorrhages or necrosis of respiratory/digestive lymhoid tissue
How are vaccines administered for NDV?
live: lentogenic and mesogenic
drinking water, aerosol, intranasal, conjunctival
Genome of Nipah virus?
enveloped, negative sense ssRNA
Other names for Nipah virus?
barking pig syndrome, porcine respiratory and encephalitis syndrome, porcine respiratory and neurologic syndrome
What genus of paramyxovirus causes Nipah virus?
henipavirus
What is the reservoir for Nipah virus?
fruit bats (flying foxes) -> carry virus but not affected *found in urine and partially eaten fruit
What are the clinical signs of Nipah virus in piglets
labored breathing and muscle tremors
What are the clinical signs of Nipah virus in pigs 1-6 months old?
loud non-productive cough (barking, one mile cough), neuro signs, acute fever
What are the clinical signs of Nipah virus in older pigs (> 6 months)?
open mouthed breaking, nasal discharge and sialorrhea(drooling),
What BSL level is Nipah virus?
BSL4 agent
How is the Nipah virus identified?
virus isolation
African green monkey kidney and rabbit kidney cells -> CPE in 3 days
Are there vaccines for Nipah virus?
not yet
T/F Nipah virus is a bioweapon?
T (CDC cat C)
