Final (RNA Viruses) Flashcards
Non-enveloped?
picorna, calici, reo, birna, astro
dsRNA?
birna, reo
What BSL level is Nipah Virus? Family?
BSL4; Paramyxo
What family is TGE in pigs?
corona 1a
Clinical signs of TGE?
villus atrophy -> diarrhea (smelly)
vomiting, bloat
Porcine Endemic Diarrhea is in which family?
corona 1b
What is another name for Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis?
Vomiting and Wasting Disease (corona 2a)
Which coronavirus causes diarrhea in calves mostly in winter?
Bovine cornavirus (2a)
Which coronavirus causes adult diarrhea in cattle and decrease in milk production?
Winter Dysentery
What is the most obvious clinical sign of FIP?
ascites
If there is a weak CMI to FIP infection, which form occurs?
wet (effusive) -> Ab increase the uptakes into macs for replication
If there is an intermediate CMI response to FIP, which form occurs
dry -> granulomas, ocular, CNS
Best test for FIP?
Rivalto effusion test (drop disappears = negative)
Vaccine for FIP?
yes but not recommended
Chicken producing eggs with soft shell, deformed. What virus?
Avian infectious bronchitis (corona 3)
T/F you can give live avian infectious bronchitis vaccine to layers and breeders?
No, give them inactivated vaccine
Another name for bovine torovirus
Breda virus
What is unique about torovirus morphology?
doughnut shaped
Main clinical sign of bovine torovirus?
another calf diarrhea
Morphology of Calicivirus
32 “cups” on surface
Important lesion for feline calicivirus?
oral ulcers
Can FCV be fatal?
Yes there is a highly virulent strain (FCV-VSD) that is systemic and the current vaccine doesn’t cover
What clinical sign might be indicative of FCV-VSD?
sloughing foot pads, ear crust, facial edema along with oral ulcers
Is vesicular exanthema of swine present in US?
no
Which diseases are indistinguishable from vesicular exanthema?
FMD, swine vesicular disease, vesicular stomatitis
Which family is infectious bursal disease?
Birnaviridae
Survivors of infectious bursal disease have what problems?
depleted B cells so increased susceptibility to other pathogens
What happens to the bursa in infectious bursal disease?
swells, hemorrhages, atrophies (1/8 original size)
What causes the cytokine storm in infectious bursal disease?
indirect T cell activation and direct macrophage activation
What is indicative of bornaviridae?
Joest Degen eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
Do you see neuron necrosis with borna?
no
What does borna cause?
encephalomyelitis in horses (fatal)
Morphology of astroviridae?
5 or 6 points, no envelope
Which cells does astro destroy?
M cells causing watery diarrhea (in sheep destroys mature enterocytes)
What are clinical signs of astro?
diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain
What is PrPc
normal protein made of alpha sheets
What is PrPsc
misfolded protein made mostly of beta sheets -> infective
T/F PrPsc is susceptible to proteases?
F: Prpc is
T/F You can acquired spongiform encephalopathy from a corneal transplat?
T
What are 3 signs of prions in the brain?
- vacuolization (grey matter)
- astroglial hypertrophy and proliferation
- loss of neurons
T/F with prions you will see inflammation
FALSE
2 prion diseases?
Scrapie and Mad Cow
What is the first sign of Scrapie?
intense pruritus
T/F Sheep with pApA gene will show neuro signs before sAsA?
F: pA is a longer incubation than sA
SIP gene
Two tests for diagnosis of Scrapie?
tonsilar biopsy and 3rd eyelid test
T/F pruritus is the first symptom of bovine spongiform encephalopathy?
F: no pruritus with Mad Cow
2 diseases in Flaviviridae genus Pestivirus?
BVDV and hog cholera/swine fever
Stargazing is a clinical sign of which virus?
BVDV in PI calves (along with hydraencephaly)
T/F the cytopathic strain has an uncleaved NS2-3 protein?
F: cleaved
What does the cytopathic BVDV cause?
repro and enteric issues
What happens when a pregnant cow gets BVDV 2-4 months into gestation?
PI calf
What happens when a preg cow gets BVDV 5-9 months gestation?
early: abortion
mid: deformed
late: normal
What is the primary site of infection for hog cholera?
tonsils
Clinical signs of hog cholera:
huddling together, cyanosis, diarrhea, *turkey egg kidneys, button ulcers
You see a pig goose stepping so you think…
hog cholera
Two diseases in Flaviviridae genus flavivirus?
West Nile, Louping Ill
Is Louping Ill zoonotic
yes
T/F most horses die from West Nile
F” most are asymptomatic
How is louping ill transmitted?
ixodes ricinus (transtadial)
What animals does louping ill infect ?
sheep and red grouse
What animal causes most cases of cattle rabies?
skunk
wildlife rabies reservoirs in US
fox, skunk, insectivorous bats
T/F sites that are closer to the head and more innervated are more dangerous for rabies?
T
T/F Dogs and cats are highly susceptible to rabies?
F: cats and cattle
T/F the dumb form is found in the limbic system?
F: furious form; dumb form is in neurocortex
T/F there are no gross lesions for rabies
T
When will you see rabies antibodies in the serum?
After neuro signs appear
3 phases of rabies
prodromal
furious (acute)
dumn (paralytic)
Negri bodies
rabies inclusion bodies (eosinophilic)
How do you test for rabies?
direct FAT
isolate via intracerebral inoculation of mice
What genus is rabies?
lyssavirus
What genus is vesicular stomatitis?
vesiculovirus
T/F NJ serotype of Vesicular Stomatitis is most virulent
T
What is the first sign of vesicular stomatitis in cows and horses?
profuse salivation and fever
What is the first sign of vesicular stomatitis in pigs?
lameness
What disease is Rhabdoviridae genus ephermerovirus?
Bovine ephemeral fever (3 day sickness)
How is 3 day sickness transmitted
good ole mosquitoes
What is unique about bloodwork of an animal with bovine ephermeral fever?
neutrophilia with left shift, increased fibrinogen and decreased calcium
T/F paralysis due to bovine ephermeral fever is spastic
F: flaccid
3 diseases of Togaviridae genus alphavirus
EEEV, WEEV, VEEV
Where does EEEV replicate ?
neurons, vascular endothelium, glial cells
What does EEEV cause?
non suppurative encephalomyelitis
T/F EEEV is more virulent than WEEV?
T
What animals can amplify WEEV?
prairie dogs, rabbits (bird reservoir)
T/F in utero infection can occur with VEEV?
T
How are picornaviridae classified?
by stability at low pH
Can horses be infected with FMD?
no
What is a characteristic lesion of FMD in young calves (
tiger heart (myocardial failure and death)
Is there persistance of FMD in pigs?
no (pharynx of cattle and sheep)
What causes Hairy Panters?
endocrine damage due to FMD (anemia, diabetes, increased hair, heat intolerance)
What virus is Picornaviridae genus tremovirus?
avian encephalomyelitis (epidemic tremor)
What happens to eggs of chickens with epidemic tremor?
decreased number but no change in quality
Characteristic lesion of avian encephalomyelitis ?
central chromatolysis in medulla
Do layers with avian encephalomyelitis show neuro signs?
no, just drop in hatchability of eggs
What do you sample to isolate avian encephalomyelitis?
duodenum and brain
T/F epidemic tremor doesn’t cause disease in other animals or people
T
Picornaviridae genus cardiovirus
encephalomyocarditis in pigs and elephants
What is the natural host for encephalomyocarditis?
rats
2 diseases in Reoviridae genus orbivirus
African Horse Sickness and Blue Tongue
Main reservoir for Blue Tongue?
cattle
How is Blue tongue transmitted?
culicoides
What animals does blue tongue infect?
sheep and deer
Can dogs get african horse sickness
yes
How is AHS serotyped?
OSP VP2
reservoir for AHS?
zebras
pulmonary form of AHS?
Dunkop
cardiac form of AHS?
Dikkop
Which form would have eyelid edema as a clinical sign?
Dikkop
How are rotaviruses classified?
VP6 protein in middle layer
Where do rotaviruses replicate
mature enterocytes of upper SI
What is the rotavirus endotoxin?
NSP4
How do you diagnose rotavirus infection?
PAGE
What disease is Reoviridae genus orthoreoviridae?
Avian reovirus
Clinical sign of avian reovirus?
swelling hocks and lameness
2 diseases in Arteriviridae
equine viral arteritis and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
Can mares carry equine viral arteritis?
No just stallions
Clinical signs of equine viral arteritis?
edema in hind limbs, urticaria, temporary infertility in stallions
Can equine viral arteritis cause abortion?
yes due to necrotizing myometritis and placental detachment
Other names for PRRS?
swine mystery disease, blue ear disease
Repro form of PRRS
late term abortions, umbilical cord lesions
respiratory form of PRRS
thumping, necrotizing pneumonia
What is the genus for Rift Valley Fever?
phlebovirus (Bunya)
What can trigger Rift Valley Fever?
heavy rains cause mosquito egg to hatch
What is the main lesion of Rift Valley Fever in sheep?
liver necrosis and nasal crust
T/F Rift Valley Fever is more severe in cattle than sheep?
F but both have high abortions
Why is Rift Valley Fever economically important?
causes 90-100% abortion in cattle and sheep
How is Akabane transmitted?
culicoides and mosquitoes
What genus is Akabane
orthobunyavirus
When do you test for Ab of Akabane?
in serum BEFORE colostrum ingestion
Does Akabane cause signs in adult animals?
no
Does Schmallenberg cause signs in adult animals?
yes, diarrhea and decreased milk production
same fetal affects
What does Akabane and Schmallenberg cause in fetuses?
Arthrogryposis, hydraencephaly
