Paralysis Definitions and Speech and Language Disorders

Question 1

What is the definition of paralysis?

Answer 1

Significant or full loss of movement or motor control over intentional movement. It can refer to different states, such as flaccid, spastic, or rigid paralysis.

Question 2

What is paresis?

Answer 2

Motor weakness caused by a neurological issue, resulting in a milder form of significant motor impairment. It is sometimes referred to as partial paralysis.

Question 3

What is facial paralysis on one side called?

Answer 3

It is referred to as facial paralysis, affecting one side of the face.

Question 4

How are substantial motor dysfunctions with CNS origins typically named?

Answer 4

They are named based on their characteristics (e.g., spasticity, tremor, rigidity, involuntary movement) and the location they affect on the body.

Question 5

What does the term uniplegic or monoplegic refer to?

Answer 5

It refers to paralysis affecting one limb.

Question 6

What does diplegic mean?

Answer 6

It means two limbs are affected, but it often refers to the two upper limbs or one upper limb on one side and one lower limb on the other.

Question 7

What is paraplegia?

Answer 7

Paraplegia refers to paralysis affecting the two lower limbs, often involving the lower half of the body to varying degrees.

Question 8

What is hemiplegia?

Answer 8

Hemiplegia refers to paralysis affecting two limbs on the same side of the body, often dividing the body sagittally.

Question 9

What does quadriplegic or tetraplegic mean?

Answer 9

It refers to paralysis affecting all four limbs. It can also refer to full-body paralysis, but the limbs do not have to be affected to the same degree.

Question 10

What are speech disorders?

Answer 10

Speech disorders refer to motor dysfunctions in the production of verbal output, involving problems with control of the structures of speech delivery.

Question 11

What is dysarthria?

Answer 11

Dysarthria is a speech disorder where speech is slurred due to imprecise articulation.

Question 12

What is spastic dysarthria?

Answer 12

Spastic dysarthria occurs when motor control issues result from spasticity.

Question 13

What is rigid dysarthria?

Answer 13

Rigid dysarthria occurs when motor control issues result from rigidity, often linked to basal ganglia dysfunction.

Question 14

What is ataxic dysarthria?

Answer 14

Ataxic dysarthria is caused by damage to the cerebellum or its related afferentation, sometimes called sensorimotor dysarthria.

Question 15

What is scanning speech?

Answer 15

Scanning speech involves breaking words, sentences, or paragraphs into syllables, delivering them in a slow, deliberate, monotonal manner, often lacking inflection and punctuation breaks.

Question 16

What is dysphonia?

Answer 16

Dysphonia, also known as bullfrog or megaphone voice, involves problems with vocal quality and volume control, resulting in harsh, grating tones, usually delivered loudly and penetratingly.

Question 17

What are language disorders?

Answer 17

Language disorders involve dysfunctions in the verbal output process, including problems with encoding thoughts into words, producing enough words, using correct words, and cognitive aspects of communication.

Question 18

What do language disorders typically affect?

Answer 18

Language disorders usually affect writing, signing, mathematical functions, and verbal communication.

Question 19

What are Broca’s aphasias (non-fluent aphasias)?

Answer 19

Broca’s aphasias are dysfunctions related to limited language output, where a person usually has normal cognition but struggles to produce language, sometimes limited to sounds, a few words, or brief sentences.

Question 20

What are Wernicke’s aphasias (fluent aphasias)?

Answer 20

Wernicke’s aphasias are dysfunctions where verbal output isn’t limited, but there are major issues with conveying meaning, often due to cognitive impairment, leading to word-finding errors or nonsensical speech (“jibberish”).