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GCSE Geography > Paper 3 Topic 9 Consuming Energy Resources > Flashcards

Paper 3 Topic 9 Consuming Energy Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What are non-renewable energy resources?

A

Energy sources that are not sustainable and cannot be used at the current rate forever

(Coal,oil and natural gas)

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2
Q

What are renewable energy resources?

A

They are sustainable and can be reused forever

Solar, wind

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3
Q

What are recyclable energy resources?

A

Thet are created by recycling waste produced by humans or human energy production to create more energy

(Nuclear energy and biofuels)

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4
Q

What are the 3 main categories of energy sources?

A

Renewable
Non renewable
Recyclable

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5
Q

Mining is used to extract____

A

Coal

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6
Q

Drilling is used to extract_____

A

Oil

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7
Q

What is the enviromental impact of mining and drilling?(5 things)

A
  • oil spills
  • Co2 and greenhouse emissions
  • landscape scaring
  • deforestation
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8
Q

What are oil spills associated with?

A

Oil drilling and oil transportation

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9
Q

How do mining and drilling increase greenhouse gas emissions?(3 things)

A

-when drilling for natueal gas methane can leak out as a byproduct

Extraction requires energy

-deforestation means there is less photosythesis

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10
Q

What is lanscape scarring caused by?

A

Mining

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11
Q

What is land scarring?

A

Like a very extreme case of soil erosion

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12
Q

What is landscape scarring?

A

-all forest and vegitation is removed. Miners then dig down to access the coal(surface mining)

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13
Q

How is deforestation linked with drilling and mining

A

To get to rocks under an ecosystem all trees, plants,wildlife and soil must be removed

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14
Q

What is the Impact of Renewable Energy on the Landscape?(solar panels)

A
  • habitats destroyed to make space for solar panels

- disturb habitats by changing the local temperature

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15
Q

What is the Impact of Renewable Energy on the Landscape(HEP)?

A

involves flooding ecosystems, homes have to be destroyed beacuse of flooding, dams and canals

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16
Q

What is the Impact of Renewable Energy on the Landscape?

A
  • land is cleared for wind turbines(3.4 million trees cut down in the UK for this-this reduces biodiveristy)
  • birds killed by rotating turbines
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17
Q

Which of the 3 categories of energy source can be made from waste products?

A

Recyclable

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18
Q

What happened at the Deepwater horizon disaster?

A

An offshore oil rig leaked 4.9 million barrels into the gulf of mexico(82,000 birds dead and 26,000 marine mammals killed or injured)

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19
Q

What factors affect access to energy resources?(5 things)

A
  • economic
  • technological
  • geological
  • geographic
  • political factors
20
Q

How does economic factors affect access to energy resources?

A
  • some resources in some locations are more expensive to find and extract
  • exensive to dig for oil miles under an ocean
  • a lot of countries import oil or natural gas and they can have the price risen by these nations
21
Q

What do oil exploration companies specialise in?

A

Scanning the ocean using seismic waves to find oil

22
Q

How does technological factors affect access to energy resources?

A

Fracking and offshore oil and gas extraction are technologically difficult to do.

-some countries may have resources but not have a population educated on how to extract them

23
Q

How does geological factors affect access to energy resources?

A

-fossil fuels are in a limited supply

24
Q

How does political factors affect access to energy resources?

A

A lack of good governance or institutions, as well as war can stop countries developing their energy infrastructure.

25
How does geographic factors affect access to energy resources?
- wind energy is only a viable option for nations who receive a lot of wind - HEP can't occcur if a nation is flat - harder to dig under impermeable rocks to access some resources
26
In which kinds of geographies is hydroelectric power more difficult?
Very flat geographies
27
How is global energy consumption distributed?(3 factors)
- higher incomes(USA) - higher population(China) - nations with rich energy reserves(Norway)
28
Why is there lower energy consumption in lower income countries?
- may not have electricity in homes | - use a lot of biomass to generate electricity
29
The USA consumes _% of the world's energy
17
30
Why is there a higher energy consumption in higher income countries?
Citizens in high-income countries usually have cars, heated homes, and lots of electric devices.
31
The prices of fossil fuels are very_____
Volatile
32
Uneven distribution of oil production?
Oil reserves focus on which oil is physically located in a country. Oil production focuses on whether oil is extracted or not. Oil production depends on a country's oil extraction technology, how easy the oil is to extract, and whether a country needs to extract the oil or not?
33
What factors affect oil supplies and oil prices?
- international relations | - economic factors(like recessions)
34
Conflicts and Oil Supply?
- oil production is distrupted - oil supply decrease - oil price increase
35
Where are most of the world's oil reserves concentrated?
Middle East
36
What four things can cause oil prices to increase?
-undersupply -tensions between oil-producing countries -economic boom Conflict
37
In 2019, what % of the world's oil was produced by Saudi Arabia?
15
38
What are two benefits of extracting more resources?
- energy is important for improving the standard of living | - creates jobs
39
What are the costs of expoloiting these locations of conventional oil and gas reserves?
- disturb wildlife(reduction in biodiveristy | - extraction of minerals creates pollution
40
Which 3 places are ecologically-sensitive and are being increasingly exploited for their energy resources?
- amazon rainforest - Arctic - ocean via offshore oil rigs
41
Tar sands contain _______ which can be turned into oil
Bitumen
42
Describe shale gas extraction?
- shale gas is tacken out of rocks by fracking - fracking can cause mini earthquakes in the areas of fracking - chemicals used in fracking pollute water supplies - land around fracking sites needs clearing for fracking to begin
43
What is fracking?
A process by which water, sand, and chemicals are injected underground at very high pressures to crack open rock layers and release the oil or gas trapped inside
44
Fracking for shale gas, and extracting oil from tar sands are ___________ways of extracting oil & gas
Unconventional
45
Where is shale gas trapped in?
Shale rock
46
What pollution does extracting raw materials?
- noise pollution - light pollution - air pollution - water pollution
47
Enviromental cost of extracting shale gas and tar sands(4 things)?
- reduced photosythesis - deforestation - pollution of water supplies - loss of biodiveristy

GCSE Geography (13 decks)

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