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GCSE Geography > Paper 3 Topic 9 Consuming Energy Resources > Flashcards

Paper 3 Topic 9 Consuming Energy Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What are non-renewable energy resources?

A

Energy sources that are not sustainable and cannot be used at the current rate forever

(Coal,oil and natural gas)

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2
Q

What are renewable energy resources?

A

They are sustainable and can be reused forever

Solar, wind

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3
Q

What are recyclable energy resources?

A

Thet are created by recycling waste produced by humans or human energy production to create more energy

(Nuclear energy and biofuels)

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4
Q

What are the 3 main categories of energy sources?

A

Renewable
Non renewable
Recyclable

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5
Q

Mining is used to extract____

A

Coal

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6
Q

Drilling is used to extract_____

A

Oil

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7
Q

What is the enviromental impact of mining and drilling?(5 things)

A
  • oil spills
  • Co2 and greenhouse emissions
  • landscape scaring
  • deforestation
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8
Q

What are oil spills associated with?

A

Oil drilling and oil transportation

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9
Q

How do mining and drilling increase greenhouse gas emissions?(3 things)

A

-when drilling for natueal gas methane can leak out as a byproduct

Extraction requires energy

-deforestation means there is less photosythesis

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10
Q

What is lanscape scarring caused by?

A

Mining

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11
Q

What is land scarring?

A

Like a very extreme case of soil erosion

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12
Q

What is landscape scarring?

A

-all forest and vegitation is removed. Miners then dig down to access the coal(surface mining)

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13
Q

How is deforestation linked with drilling and mining

A

To get to rocks under an ecosystem all trees, plants,wildlife and soil must be removed

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14
Q

What is the Impact of Renewable Energy on the Landscape?(solar panels)

A
  • habitats destroyed to make space for solar panels

- disturb habitats by changing the local temperature

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15
Q

What is the Impact of Renewable Energy on the Landscape(HEP)?

A

involves flooding ecosystems, homes have to be destroyed beacuse of flooding, dams and canals

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16
Q

What is the Impact of Renewable Energy on the Landscape?

A
  • land is cleared for wind turbines(3.4 million trees cut down in the UK for this-this reduces biodiveristy)
  • birds killed by rotating turbines
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17
Q

Which of the 3 categories of energy source can be made from waste products?

A

Recyclable

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18
Q

What happened at the Deepwater horizon disaster?

A

An offshore oil rig leaked 4.9 million barrels into the gulf of mexico(82,000 birds dead and 26,000 marine mammals killed or injured)

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19
Q

What factors affect access to energy resources?(5 things)

A
  • economic
  • technological
  • geological
  • geographic
  • political factors
20
Q

How does economic factors affect access to energy resources?

A
  • some resources in some locations are more expensive to find and extract
  • exensive to dig for oil miles under an ocean
  • a lot of countries import oil or natural gas and they can have the price risen by these nations
21
Q

What do oil exploration companies specialise in?

A

Scanning the ocean using seismic waves to find oil

22
Q

How does technological factors affect access to energy resources?

A

Fracking and offshore oil and gas extraction are technologically difficult to do.

-some countries may have resources but not have a population educated on how to extract them

23
Q

How does geological factors affect access to energy resources?

A

-fossil fuels are in a limited supply

24
Q

How does political factors affect access to energy resources?

A

A lack of good governance or institutions, as well as war can stop countries developing their energy infrastructure.

25
Q

How does geographic factors affect access to energy resources?

A
  • wind energy is only a viable option for nations who receive a lot of wind
  • HEP can’t occcur if a nation is flat
  • harder to dig under impermeable rocks to access some resources
26
Q

In which kinds of geographies is hydroelectric power more difficult?

A

Very flat geographies

27
Q

How is global energy consumption distributed?(3 factors)

A
  • higher incomes(USA)
  • higher population(China)
  • nations with rich energy reserves(Norway)
28
Q

Why is there lower energy consumption in lower income countries?

A
  • may not have electricity in homes

- use a lot of biomass to generate electricity

29
Q

The USA consumes _% of the world’s energy

A

17

30
Q

Why is there a higher energy consumption in higher income countries?

A

Citizens in high-income countries usually have cars, heated homes, and lots of electric devices.

31
Q

The prices of fossil fuels are very_____

A

Volatile

32
Q

Uneven distribution of oil production?

A

Oil reserves focus on which oil is physically located in a country.

Oil production focuses on whether oil is extracted or not.

Oil production depends on a country’s oil extraction technology, how easy the oil is to extract, and whether a country needs to extract the oil or not?

33
Q

What factors affect oil supplies and oil prices?

A
  • international relations

- economic factors(like recessions)

34
Q

Conflicts and Oil Supply?

A
  • oil production is distrupted
  • oil supply decrease
  • oil price increase
35
Q

Where are most of the world’s oil reserves concentrated?

A

Middle East

36
Q

What four things can cause oil prices to increase?

A

-undersupply
-tensions between oil-producing countries
-economic boom
Conflict

37
Q

In 2019, what % of the world’s oil was produced by Saudi Arabia?

A

15

38
Q

What are two benefits of extracting more resources?

A
  • energy is important for improving the standard of living

- creates jobs

39
Q

What are the costs of expoloiting these locations of conventional oil and gas reserves?

A
  • disturb wildlife(reduction in biodiveristy

- extraction of minerals creates pollution

40
Q

Which 3 places are ecologically-sensitive and are being increasingly exploited for their energy resources?

A
  • amazon rainforest
  • Arctic
  • ocean via offshore oil rigs
41
Q

Tar sands contain _______ which can be turned into oil

A

Bitumen

42
Q

Describe shale gas extraction?

A
  • shale gas is tacken out of rocks by fracking
  • fracking can cause mini earthquakes in the areas of fracking
  • chemicals used in fracking pollute water supplies
  • land around fracking sites needs clearing for fracking to begin
43
Q

What is fracking?

A

A process by which water, sand, and chemicals are injected underground at very high pressures to crack open rock layers and release the oil or gas trapped inside

44
Q

Fracking for shale gas, and extracting oil from tar sands are ___________ways of extracting oil & gas

A

Unconventional

45
Q

Where is shale gas trapped in?

A

Shale rock

46
Q

What pollution does extracting raw materials?

A
  • noise pollution
  • light pollution
  • air pollution
  • water pollution
47
Q

Enviromental cost of extracting shale gas and tar sands(4 things)?

A
  • reduced photosythesis
  • deforestation
  • pollution of water supplies
  • loss of biodiveristy

GCSE Geography (13 decks)

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