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GCSE Geography > EOY 10- Hazardous Earth > Flashcards

EOY 10- Hazardous Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are trade winds?

A

Winds that blow back to the equator. (at 30 degrees)

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2
Q

What are westerlies?

A

Winds that blow to the poles (at 30 degrees)

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3
Q

Wht are surface currents caused by?

A

Wind

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4
Q

What do surface currents do?

A

Transfers heat from equator to cooler regions.

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5
Q

What are deep ocean currents caised by?

A

Differences in water density-works by thermohaline circulation.

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6
Q

What is thermohaline circulation?

A

Water freezes at poles
Water becomes denser
Sinking of dense water allows warm water to flow near the surface.
Warm water cools and ainks

Cycle repeats itself

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7
Q

How long does a glacial period last?

A

300,000 years

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8
Q

How long does an interglacial period last?

A

8000-12000 years

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9
Q

How much has Earth warmed by since 1880?

A

0.8 degrees

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10
Q

Ahat are the 6 evidence of climate change?

A
  • historical records
  • ice cores(co2 in ice cores)
  • tree rings
  • pollen anlysis(sediment in pollen)
  • temperature waves
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11
Q

What are the four natual causes of climate change?

A
  • volcanic activity
  • solar output variation
  • asteroid collisions
  • orbital changes(tilt, axis wobble and elliptical to circular)
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12
Q

How long does Earth’s tilt change over?

A

41,000

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13
Q

Earth acis wobbles over ……………

A

22,000 year cycle

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14
Q

An elliptical to circular orbit takes…………

A

96,000 years

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15
Q

Name 5 peices of evidence of climate change:

A
  • warming oceans
  • sea levels rise
  • increased extreme weather events
  • global temperature rise
  • declining antartic ice(13% per decade)
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16
Q

What are 4 things that humans do to contribute to the green house effect?

A
  • energy(fossil fuels)
  • agriculture(methane in cows)
  • industry(cement from limestone)
  • transport(release green house gases)
17
Q

What are 4 effects of climate change on people?

A
  • drought(problems with water aviliability)
  • increase of extreme weather events
  • loss of costal areas(sea level rise)
  • more heat related deaths
18
Q

What are 5 effects of climate change on the enviroment?

A
  • reduction in biodiversity(hard for species to adapt quickly-extintion?)
  • melting ice
  • changing precipitation patterns(amount and time of year received)
  • changing distribution of species (mosquitoes inhabit more countries)
  • sea surface temperature increase.
19
Q

Explian the greenchouse effect?

A

Sun eamits short infered wavelength radiation-some is reflected out by Earth-greenhouse gases absorb long wave radiation and re-radiate back in to earth-heating the planet

20
Q

Where on Earth do cyclone usually happen?

A

5-30 degrees north and south

21
Q

What causes the coriolis effect and what does it do?

A

Roatation of the Earth causes it.

It causes storms to spin by deflecting wind.

Causes storms to move west

22
Q

What are the three parts of a cyclone?

A

Eye
Eye-wall
Edges

23
Q

What temperature is needed for cyclone formation and why?

A

26.5 or warmer because there is lots of moist air -extreme energy from warm water intensifies cyclones.

24
Q

What are the 3 features of a cyclone?

A
  • circular shale
  • lasts 7-14 days
  • 100 km wide
25
Q

What are the conditions in the eye wall?

A

Hot air rises, lots of rain, string winds

26
Q

What are the conditions in the cyclone edges?

A

Intermediate conditions

27
Q

What are the conditions in the eye of a cyclone?

A

Cool air desending, low pressure, ground temperature, no rain

28
Q

What is and what causes disipation?

A

Storm loses strength as they move further from warm water

Moving over land or cooler water cuases it

29
Q

Two social impacts of the hati earthquake?

A
  • 250,000 injured

- 3 million affected

30
Q

Economic impact of the Hati earthquake?

A

1/5 people lost their jobs

31
Q

Cyclone Nargis killed how many people?

A

140,000

32
Q

How many houses did cyclone Nagis destroy in Myanmar?

A

450,000

33
Q

As a result of cyclone Nagis, what percentage of rice paddies were damged?

A

65%

GCSE Geography (13 decks)

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