EOY 10- Hazardous Earth Flashcards
What are trade winds?
Winds that blow back to the equator. (at 30 degrees)
What are westerlies?
Winds that blow to the poles (at 30 degrees)
Wht are surface currents caused by?
Wind
What do surface currents do?
Transfers heat from equator to cooler regions.
What are deep ocean currents caised by?
Differences in water density-works by thermohaline circulation.
What is thermohaline circulation?
Water freezes at poles
Water becomes denser
Sinking of dense water allows warm water to flow near the surface.
Warm water cools and ainks
Cycle repeats itself
How long does a glacial period last?
300,000 years
How long does an interglacial period last?
8000-12000 years
How much has Earth warmed by since 1880?
0.8 degrees
Ahat are the 6 evidence of climate change?
- historical records
- ice cores(co2 in ice cores)
- tree rings
- pollen anlysis(sediment in pollen)
- temperature waves
What are the four natual causes of climate change?
- volcanic activity
- solar output variation
- asteroid collisions
- orbital changes(tilt, axis wobble and elliptical to circular)
How long does Earth’s tilt change over?
41,000
Earth acis wobbles over ……………
22,000 year cycle
An elliptical to circular orbit takes…………
96,000 years
Name 5 peices of evidence of climate change:
- warming oceans
- sea levels rise
- increased extreme weather events
- global temperature rise
- declining antartic ice(13% per decade)
What are 4 things that humans do to contribute to the green house effect?
- energy(fossil fuels)
- agriculture(methane in cows)
- industry(cement from limestone)
- transport(release green house gases)
What are 4 effects of climate change on people?
- drought(problems with water aviliability)
- increase of extreme weather events
- loss of costal areas(sea level rise)
- more heat related deaths
What are 5 effects of climate change on the enviroment?
- reduction in biodiversity(hard for species to adapt quickly-extintion?)
- melting ice
- changing precipitation patterns(amount and time of year received)
- changing distribution of species (mosquitoes inhabit more countries)
- sea surface temperature increase.
Explian the greenchouse effect?
Sun eamits short infered wavelength radiation-some is reflected out by Earth-greenhouse gases absorb long wave radiation and re-radiate back in to earth-heating the planet
Where on Earth do cyclone usually happen?
5-30 degrees north and south
What causes the coriolis effect and what does it do?
Roatation of the Earth causes it.
It causes storms to spin by deflecting wind.
Causes storms to move west
What are the three parts of a cyclone?
Eye
Eye-wall
Edges
What temperature is needed for cyclone formation and why?
26.5 or warmer because there is lots of moist air -extreme energy from warm water intensifies cyclones.
What are the 3 features of a cyclone?
- circular shale
- lasts 7-14 days
- 100 km wide
What are the conditions in the eye wall?
Hot air rises, lots of rain, string winds
What are the conditions in the cyclone edges?
Intermediate conditions
What are the conditions in the eye of a cyclone?
Cool air desending, low pressure, ground temperature, no rain
What is and what causes disipation?
Storm loses strength as they move further from warm water
Moving over land or cooler water cuases it
Two social impacts of the hati earthquake?
- 250,000 injured
- 3 million affected
Economic impact of the Hati earthquake?
1/5 people lost their jobs
Cyclone Nargis killed how many people?
140,000
How many houses did cyclone Nagis destroy in Myanmar?
450,000
As a result of cyclone Nagis, what percentage of rice paddies were damged?
65%