Paper 3 Section B 4. 4. How has the UK education system changed? Flashcards
The diversity of educational
onwards, including vocational and work-based training Ideological influences on government educational policy: • New Right • social democratic The impact of educational policies on: • competition, diversity and choice • raising standards • equality and equality of opportunity Any contemporary educational policy will be rewarded where relevant. explore the links between educational policies and ideological influences. consider educational policy in relation to gender, class and ethnicity.
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Describe comprehensive schools.
- Since the 1970’s, most secondary schools in England and Wales are comprehensive schools.
- They take children from all social backgrounds and children aren’t selected / prejudiced based on ability.
Describe grammar schools.
- Entry to grammar schools are based on an entrance exam called the 11+, which selects and filters out the most academic and able children.
- There’s not many remaining as most grammar schools became comprehensive or independent.
Describe academies.
This was a type of schools that was formed by the Labour government in the 2000’s. The aim was to replace failing comprehensive schools.
By November 2013, there was a surge of academies as the government encouraged all secondary school to become academies. From this date, there were 3.444 academies in the UK.
Academies are funded by the government and are often sponsored by businesses, charities, religious groups or other educational institutions.
They have greater freedom than comprehensive schools as they have more control over their curriculum, staff and budgets.
Describe free schools.
Considered an extension on academies since 2010.
What are specialist schools?
These schools were funded by Labour from 1997. This school still teaches the national curriculum alongside specialist skills. This includes technology, business and enterprise, engineering, sports, humanities, music, maths and/or computing.
What are special schools?
They cater for children with SEN inc. physical disabilities, learning difficulties and/or behavioural difficulties. The government have since pushed the idea to merge SEN students in mainstream education.
Discuss the National Curriculum (1988 ERA) [5-10mins]
- Describe the policy
- Who benefitted from it?
- What ideology is it under, SD OR NEW RIGHT? (could be both)
- The National Curriculum had a transformative effect on British education as it brought key changes in how education is organised in the UK.
- The National Curriculum is where the Department of Education took responsibility for deciding what subject should be taught such as Maths and English.
- This act tried to offer equality for all. All students, no matter what their gender, social class or ethnicity would study the same core subjects, creating a true meritocracy. Those benefitting would be those who previously denied an equal education - women, ethnic minorities and the working class.
- Some argue the policy was brought out to create equality of opportunity (a meritocracy). This is a SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC view. But to aid the economy, all students must have a good curriculum to make them better employees, which is a NEW RIGHT view.
What are the Conservative Policies?
- 1988 Education Act (NC / SATS / League Tables / OFSTED / Open Enrolment)
- Vocational Policy
- GIST & WISE
What are the Labour Policies?
- Sure Start
- EAZ’s
- Excellence in Cities (EXPLAIN WHY EAZ’S REPLACED IT)
- Academies
- EMA
- Higher Education Expansion
- Vocational Education and Training
do all ciristicsms at the end for wach point as well
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Discuss SATs (1988 ERA) [5-10mins]
- Describe the policy
- Who benefitted from it?
- What ideology is it under, SD OR NEW RIGHT? (could be both)
- SATS were put in place to regularly test children in regard to literacy and numeracy. The SAT data would be published to publicly make available for parents.
- This benefitted the working class children as children it raises standards of all school despite area as they should all be teaching well.
- The Social Democrats argue that SATS impact everybody positively and equally. New Rights argue that schools need to raise standards to create better workers for the economy.
What CRISITISMS did SAT’s face? (1988 Era)
- Concerns were expressed over the damaging effects of frequently testing children.
- The validity of SAT’s were undermined by many schools ‘teaching to the tests’.
- Some schools were accused of excluding pupils to improve their sales image and improve exam statistics .
Discuss open enrolment and formula funding (1988 ERA) [5-10mins]
- Describe the policy
- Who benefitted from it?
- What ideology is it under, SD OR NEW RIGHT? (could be both)
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Discuss Young Training Services (New Vocationalism) [5-10mins]
- Describe the policy
- Who benefitted from it?
- What ideology is it under, SD OR NEW RIGHT? (could be both)
…
