Paper 1: Q1 - What is culture? ✅✅ Flashcards
1) What are values? Provide an example.
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2) What are norms? Provide an example.
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3) What is an ascribed status? Provide an example.
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4)What is an achieved status? Provide an example.
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5) What are roles? Provide an example.
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6) What is a subculture? Provide an example (a study?) and some evidence.
A subculture is a smaller group of people who share distinctive norms and values within a bigger culture.
An example is youth subculture. This includes young people who try to remain separate from the dominant culture by creating their own style, dress and music. They can maintain some control over their values.
7) What is high culture?Provide an example (a study?) and some evidence.
High culture is a term that related to the kinds of entertainment enjoyed by those with higher status in society.
Bordieu’s Cultural Capital - Bordieu states that high culture provides people with cultural capital. This means having the appropriate norms and values whilst enjoying a particular form of high culture leads to financial rewards and social mobility.
Higher status individuals enjoy certain activities together meaning these individuals are likely to forms networks leading them to all kinds of rewards.
Knowledge gained through high culture is valued in the education system. This means that children raised in an environment exposed to high culture places them at a great advantage at school.
8) What is popular culture?Provide an example (a study?) and some evidence.
Aspects of culture that’s enjoyed by the majority of a populations It’s origins lie in the growth of
mass media.
Media is partly responsible for creating and spreading popular culture , providing mass access to behinds like music, films and sport.
9) What is global culture?Provide an example (a study?) and some evidence.
Globalisation leads to global culture. The world is becoming a smaller place how people can communicate and travel easier.
- MuLuhan argued that in the 1960’s, the world became a smaller place. This is driven by the industry, travel, a globally accessible media and the internet.
- Ritzer argued that Mcdonaldisation is the spreading of Western ideas. Societies are becoming more similar to each other meaning culture becomes more rational, scientific and predictable.
Evidence of the world being connected is through Coca Cola consumption, eating McDonald’s and Western TV sitcoms dubbed into another language
10) What is consumer culture? Provide an example (a study?) and some evidence.
Consumer culture is a set of ideas that encourage people to buy a range of never ending products.
- The mass production of goods and upper classes’ increased affluence who have the money and time to buy objects and services help consumer culture.
- Consumer culture is encouraged and reinforced by the media, particularly the advertising industry and celebrity culture.
- Consumer culture’s connected to global culture since mass media is used to promote and advertise products for people to buy.
- Consumer goods are widely available and excessive consumption is considered normal. Buying goods has become a part of people’s lives. Individuals buy branded goods in an attempt to construct an identity and gain status in the eyes of others.
11) Cultural diversity and cultutral identity
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Evaluate popular culture
FOR POPULAR CULTURE
- Provides lower status groups an opportunity to express their cultural values.
- Bordier believes that the divide between high culture and popular culture doesn’t make high culture ‘better’. It just shows the culture of higher classes.
AGAINST POPULAR CULTURE
-High culture groups use popular culture to exploit and control lower status groups in society.
- Popular culture is manufactured and fake. It’s a form of dumbing down the majority of the general population.
How is the divided between popular culture and high culture breaking down?
- Shakespeare’s plays being turned into movies
- Classicial musicians in pop songs
- Footballers can be involved in high culture ie Beckham
