paper 3

Question 1

Random sampling
2 characteristics

Answer 1

• everybody has equal chance of being selected (this eliminates bias)
• members are selected randomly (proper representation of population)

Question 2

Opportunity/convenience sampling
2 characteristics

Answer 2

• participants selected on availability
• unlikely to be representative of population which produces biases of only those being able to participate are studied
• non-probability sampling technique.
• not generalisable

Question 3

Volunteer sampling
2 characteristics

Answer 3

• participants voluntarily offering to participate
• non-probability sampling technique (the sample is not intended to be statistically representative of the entire population)
• gather data from individuals motivated to be in the study
• not generalisable

Question 4

Purposive sampling
2 characteristics

Answer 4

• Participants selected based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives
• intentionally select participants who provide valuable data related to study
• non-probability sampling technique

Question 5

Snowball sampling
2 characteristics

Answer 5

• participants recruit other potential participants for the study
• non-probability sampling technique
• useful for studying hidden, hard-to-reach, or rare populations

Question 6

Case study
2 characteristics

Answer 6

• detailed examination of a single case within their real-world context
• relies on multiple sources of evidence and data collection methods, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts
• triangulation and a more holistic understanding of the phenomenon.

Question 7

Natural observation
2 characteristics

Answer 7

• observing behavior in its natural, real-world setting without any intervention or manipulation from the researcher
• The researcher aims to be as unobtrusive as possible

Question 8

Lab experiments
2 characteristics

Question 9

Field Experiments
2 characteristics

Answer 9

• conducted in real-world, natural settings
• researcher manipulates and controls the independent variable(s), while measuring the effects on the dependent variable(s).

Question 10

Quasi-experiments
2 characteristics

Question 11

Natural experiments
2 characteristics

Question 12

Correlational study
2 characteristics

Answer 12

• trying to identity a relationship or pattern between 2 variables
• probably naturally occurring phenomenon

Question 13

Surveys
2 characteristics

Answer 13

• asking people questions

Question 14

Q1 tip

Answer 14

Try and use one fact from the stimulus material in each of your answers for a, b and c

Question 15

Q2 ethical considerations response

Answer 15

• how the ethical consideration was breached / performed
• why that ethical consideration is important
  x3 (positive) x3 (negative)
• what the ethical considerations the researchers could improve on (based on the ones that were breached)