Biological

Question 1

Localisation of Function

Answer 1

Maguire et al (2000)

Question 2

Brain Plasticity

Answer 2

Maguire et al (2000)

Question 3

Pheromones

Answer 3

Wedekind (1995)

Question 4

Evolutionary Explanations for behaviour

Answer 4

Wedekind (1995)

Question 5

Genetic similarities

Answer 5

Gottesman & Shields (1991)

Question 6

Maguire (2000) Aim

Answer 6

• study the ability for the brain to undergo plastic changes in response to increased navigational requirements
• determine the role of hippocampus in spatial memory

Question 7

Maguire (2000) type, & participants

Answer 7

Type: quasi experiment / Correlational Study

Participants:
- 16 taxi drivers from London
- 50 control
- all right handed

Question 8

Maguire (2000) Method

Answer 8

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan of participants brains
• analysed with pixel counting for size of hippocampus
• & VBM (voxel-based morphometry) for density/volume of hippocampus

Question 9

Maguire (2000) Results

Answer 9

• post-interior hippocampus significantly larger
  (Pixel counting)
• volume of post-interior hippocampus correlated with amount of time spent as taxi driver
  (VBM)

Question 10

Maguire (2000) Implications

Answer 10

• environmental pressures to learn navigation of London made the brain plastic to increase volume & size of post-interior hippocampus
• post-interior hippocampus stores spatial information

Question 11

Wedekind (1995) Aim

Answer 11

• to determine whether female attraction of males body odour are dependant on MHC genes which can be expressed through scent

Question 12

Wedekind (1995) Experiment type & Participants

Answer 12

Laboratory experiment

49 females & 44 males (uni students)

Question 13

Wedekind (1995) Method

Answer 13

• all participants had MHC genes identified
• male participants were asked to wear a shirt for 2 days straight
• on day 3 females smelt the shirt and ranked the odour from 1-10

Question 14

Wedekind (1995) Results

Answer 14

• females consistently preferred smell of men with dissimilar MHC genes to their own

Question 15

Wedekind (1995) Implications

Answer 15

• pheromones released in our scent plays a role in initial attraction
• pheromones are determined by our genes, so our genes may dictate our initial attraction
• we are attracted to differing genes because that will create genetically diverse offspring

Question 16

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Aim & Experiment

Answer 16

• examine the relationship between genes and developing schizophrenia
• Field survey

Question 17

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Participants

Answer 17

• 57 pairs of twins
• 24 monozygotic (MZ) (100% shared genes)
• 33 dizygotic (DZ) (50% shared genes)

Question 18

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Method

Answer 18

• 1 of the twins from each pair already had SZ which they had found from hospital records
• then researchers interviewed other twin W/O SZ from the pair and obtained their hospital records to find their likelihood of also having SZ

Question 19

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Results

Answer 19

• MZ twins have 48% chance of developing SZ if other twin has SZ
• DZ twins have 17% chance

Question 20

Gottesman & Shields (1972) Implications

Answer 20

• concluded that genetic inheritance plays a role in developing SZ and related psychiatric disorders