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Aqa Gcse Physics > Paper 2 - Topic 6, Waves > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Topic 6, Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave

A

The maximum displacement of a wave from its undisturbed position

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2
Q

What is the angle of incidence

A

The angle between the incident ray and normal

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3
Q

What is the angle of reflection

A

The angle between the reflected ray and normal

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4
Q

Why does an object appear black

A

An object will appear black if it absorbs all wavelengths of radiation incident on it

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5
Q

What are colour filters

A

Filters that absorb certain wavelengths and transmit others

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6
Q

What is colour determined by

A

Frequency and wavelegnth

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7
Q

Why does a body remain at constant temperature

A

If it is absorbing radiation at the same rate that it is emitting it

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8
Q

What is a convex lens

A

A lens that brings parallel rays to focus at the principal focus. The image formed can be either real or virtual

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9
Q

What is echo sounding

A

A technique that uses high frequency sound waves to detect objects in deep water and to measure the depth of water

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10
Q

What are electromagnetic waves

A

Transverse waves that transfer energy from the source of the waves, to an absorber. They form a continuous spectrum of different frequencies and all travel at the same speed in a vacuum

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11
Q

What is the focal length

A

The distance between the centre of the lens and its principal focus

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12
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of waves passing a given point in a second. It is the inverse of a waves period

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13
Q

What is the humans hearing range

A

20Hz - 20kHz

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14
Q

What is infrared radiation

A

A type of radiation that all objects emit and absorb, the hotter the object, the greater the infrared radiation it emits at a given time

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15
Q

What is infrared used for

A

Cooking food, electrical heaters and infrared imaging

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16
Q

What is ionising radiation

A

Radiation that can cause the mutation of genes and cause cancer, x-rays and gamma rays are both forms of ionising radiation

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17
Q

What is a lens

A

An object that forms an image through the refraction of light

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18
Q

What are longitudinal waves

A

Waves with oscillations that are parallel to the direction of travel/energy transfer

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19
Q

What is magnification

A

The ratio of the image height over the object height for a lens

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20
Q

What are microwaves used for

A

Satellite communications and cooking food

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21
Q

What is the normal

A

The normal is an imaginary reference line that is constructed perpendicular to a boundary at the point that the wave intercepts

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22
Q

What are P-Waves

A

Longitudinal, seismic waves that travel at different speeds though solids and liquids

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23
Q

What is a period

A

The time it takes for one complete wave to pass a given point

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24
Q

What is a radiation dose

A

A measure of the risk of harm to the body as a result of radiation exposure

25
Q

What is reflection

A

Reflection is when a wave bounces off of a boundary, the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection

26
Q

What are S-waves

A

Transverse, seismic waves that cannot travel through liquids

27
Q

What are sound waves

A

Longitudinal waves responsible for sound, in solids, sound waves are transmitted by the vibrations of the solid’s particles

28
Q

What is specular reflection

A

Reflection from a smooth surface, in a single direction

29
Q

What are transverse waves

A

Waves with oscillations that are perpendicular to the direction of travel/energy transfer

30
Q

What is ultrasound scanning

A

A technique that involves ultrasound waves being transmitted and then partially reflected at a boundary before being detected by a detector. The time between transmission and detection can be used to build an image

31
Q

What are ultrasound waves

A

Waves that have a frequency higher than what humans can hear

32
Q

What is ultraviolet used for

A

Used in energy efficient lamps and sun tanning

33
Q

What is visible light

A

The only type of electromagnetic radiation that our eyes can detect, it is used for fibre optic communications

34
Q

What is wave speed

A

The speed at which energy is transferred through a medium, it is equal to the product of the wave’s wavelength and frequency

35
Q

What is wavelength

A

The distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the adjacent wave (eg peak to peak or trough to trough)

36
Q

Why will an object appear white

A

It will appear white if it emits all wavelengths equally

37
Q

What are the characteristics of a transverse wave

A
  • have peaks and troughs
  • vibrations are at right angles to the direction of travel
  • eg light or any electromagnetic wave
38
Q

What are the characteristics of longitudinal waves

A
  • have compressions and rarefactions
  • vibrations are in the same direction as the direction of travel
  • eg sound waves
39
Q

What happens when a light is reflected onto a rough surface

A

Scatters light in all directions, so they appear matt not reflective

40
Q

What is sonar used for

A
  • can be used to calculate the depth of water, if there are any fish below or how far the seabed is
41
Q

What is the order of electromagnetic waves from biggest to smallest

A
  • radio
  • microwave
  • infrared
  • visible
  • ultraviolet
  • x-ray
  • gamma ray
42
Q

What happens when the wavelength decreases in an electromagnetic wave

A

The frequency must decrease

43
Q

As frequency increases, what happens to the electromagnetic wave

A

The energy of the wave increases

44
Q

What happens if light enters a denser material than the air

A

The light will bend towards the normal and it will slow down

45
Q

What will happen if light enters a less dense material than air

A

The light will bend away from the normal and will speed up

46
Q

How can UV cause harm to humans

A

Skin ages prematurely, increasing risk of skin cancer, sun cream can be used to reduce over-exposure

47
Q

How can X-rays and gamma cause harm to humans

A
  • they are ionising radiation so can cause the mutation of genes causing cancer, minimal exposure should be ensured to reduce risks
48
Q

What are the uses of radio waves

A

TV and radio as they have a long wavelength and can travel far without losing quality

49
Q

What are the uses of microwaves

A

Satellite communication (can penetrate atmosphere to reach satellites) and cooking food

50
Q

What is the use of visible

A

Fibre optics, best reflection/scattering in glass (others have too short/long wavelengths)

51
Q

What are the uses of UV

A

Sun tanning and energy efficient lamps, this is because they radiate the least heat but more energy

52
Q

What are the uses of X-rays

A

Medical imaging and treatment (and gamma) this is because they are very high in energy and can penetrate material easily

53
Q

What happens to the direction of light when it passes through the centre of a lens

A

It doesn’t change

54
Q

Where are focal points located

A

They are either side of the lens which light can converge at

55
Q

How does concave lens spread light

A

Spreads light outwards

56
Q

How are concave lenses used to correct short-sightedness

A

As light is focused in front of the retina, so needs to be spread out slightly to be able to be focused onto the retina

57
Q

Which way do convex lenses focus light

A

Inwards

58
Q

What are convex lenses used for

A

Magnifying glasses, binoculars and to correct long-sightedness as it focuses the rays closer

Aqa Gcse Physics (8 decks)

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