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Aqa Gcse Physics > Paper 1 - Topic 4, Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Paper 1 - Topic 4, Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is activity

A

The rate at which an unstable nucleus decays

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2
Q

What is an alpha particle

A

A positively charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons

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3
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The number of protons found in an atom of a specific element

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4
Q

What is background radiation

A

Radiation that is found in small quantities all around us and originates from natural resources such as rocks and cosmic rays as well as man-made resources like nuclear weapons testing and accidents

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5
Q

What is a beta particle

A

A high speed electron that a nucleus emits when a neutron converts into a proton

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6
Q

What is a chain reaction

A

The process of neutrons released by a fission reaction being absorbed by another unstable large nuclei and inducing further fission

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7
Q

What is the count-rate

A

The number of decays that a detector measures per second

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8
Q

What is an electron

A

Negatively charged particle that orbits around the nucleus in shells

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9
Q

What are the products of fission

A

Fission produces two smaller nuclei, two or three neutrons and gamma rays, these products are released with kinetic energy

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10
Q

What is a gamma ray

A

Electromagnetic radiation emitted from a nucleus

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11
Q

What is half-life

A

The time it takes for the number of unstable nuclei of an isotope in a sample to halve, or the time it takes for the initial count rate of a sample of the isotope to halve

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12
Q

What are ions

A

Atoms with a resultant charge due to the loss or gain of electrons

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13
Q

What is irradiation

A

The process of an object being exposed to nuclear radiation, the object doesn’t become radioactive

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14
Q

What are isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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15
Q

What is the mass number

A

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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16
Q

What are negative ions

A

Atoms that gained electron(s) and so have a resultant negative charge

17
Q

What are neutrons

A

A neutrally charged part of the nucleus

18
Q

What is nuclear fission

A

The splitting of a large and unstable nucleus into two smaller and more stable nuclei to produce energy

19
Q

What is nuclear fusion

A

The joining of two small, light nuclei to form a larger heavier one and release energy

20
Q

What is the plum pudding model

A

An old model of the atom that represented the atom as a ball of positive charge with negative charges distributed throughout it

21
Q

What are positive ions

A

Atoms that have lost electrons and so have a resultant positive charge

22
Q

What are protons

A

A positively charged part of the nucleus

23
Q

What is radioactive contamination

A

The unwanted presence of radioactive atoms on other materials, it is h dangerous due to the decay of the contaminating atoms

24
Q

What is radioactive decay

A

The random process involving unstable nuclei emitting radiation to become more stable

25
Q

What is spontaneous fission

A

Fission that occurs without the absorption of a neutron

26
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton

A

Relative mass = 1
Relative charge = +1

27
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron

A

Relative mass= 1
Relative charge= 0

28
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of an electron

A

Relative mass = 0
Relative charge = -1

29
Q

What happens when an electron moves to a higher orbit (further from nucleus)

A

The atom has absorbed electromagnetic radiation

30
Q

What happens when the electron falls to a lower orbit (closer to nucleus)

A

The atom has emitted electromagnetic radiation

31
Q

What did Dalton describe the atom as in 1800

A

Everything was made of time spheres that could not be divided

32
Q

What did JJ Thomson discover

A
  • discovered electrons
  • came up with plum pudding model, sphere of positive charge with negative electrons dispersed throughout the positive ‘pudding’
  • the atom has an overall neutral charge
33
Q

What did Rutherford discover in 1911

A
  • most of the atom is empty space
  • conducted the gold foil experiment

Aqa Gcse Physics (8 decks)

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