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GCSE OCR PE > Paper 2 - Sports Psychology > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Sports Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a motor skill?

A

A coordinated pattern of movements acquired through practice towards an intended outcome

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2
Q

What is a skilful movement?

A

One in which a predetermined objective is accompanied with maximum efficiency with a minimum outlay of energy

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3
Q

Ability

A

Natural

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4
Q

Skills

A

Learnt

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Skilful movement?

A
  • Efficiency
  • Pre-determined
  • Coordinated
  • Fluent
  • Aesthetic
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6
Q

What does being efficient mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

Means the performer can complete the skill with no wasted energy

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7
Q

Give a sporting example of being efficient

In terms of a skilful movement

A

A good swimming technique
—> helps you to swim faster + for longer

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8
Q

What does being pre-determined mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

Means the performer will practice/preform the skill with an aim in mind

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9
Q

Give a sporting example of being pre-determined

In terms of a skilful movement

A

Gymnast will know her routine before she starts

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10
Q

What does being co-ordinated mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

Performer uses 2 or more parts of the body together to get the maximum effort

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11
Q

Give a sporting example of being co-ordinated

In terms of a skilful movement

A

A footballer jumping to strike the ball on the volley

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12
Q

What does being **fluent* mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

A skilled athlete is able to flow confidently from one skilled movement to another

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13
Q

Give a sporting example of being fluent

In terms of a skilful movement

A

A rugby player picking up the ball in one fluid movement

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14
Q

What does being **aesthetic* mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

The performer makes the skill look good

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15
Q

Give a sporting example of being aesthetic

In terms of a skilful movement

A

Dancer preforming a pirouette in a routine

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16
Q

What ways can skills be classified as?

A
  • Open
  • Closed
  • Simple
  • Complex
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17
Q

What is the environmental continuum?

A

Skills can be classifies on how much they are affected by the sporting environment

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18
Q

What is an open skill?

A
  • Skills affected by the environment
  • A performer has to react and adapt to external factors
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19
Q

Give an example of an open skill

A

A pass in football

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20
Q

What is an closed skill?

A
  • Skills that are not affected by the environment
  • Always preformed in the same predictable environment - not affected by external factors
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21
Q

Give an example of a closed skill

A

A golf swing

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22
Q

What is the difficulty continuum?

A

Skills can be classified on how difficult or complex the movement is

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23
Q

What is a simple skill?

A

Straightforward, basic skills with hardly any decisions

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24
Q

How do simple skills need to be taught?

A

Can be taught as a whole skill by repeating the skill

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25
Q

What is a complex skill?

A

The skill involves many decisions or judgements to make

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26
Q

How do copmplex skills need to be taught?

A

Must be learned in stages

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27
Q

What is goal setting?

A

Setting targets that you want to reach

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28
Q

Give some reasons on why you would want to set goals

In terms of training

A
  • Setting goals helps you stick to your training programme
  • Helps training by giving you something to aim for, motivates you to work hard + keeps you enthusiastic
  • Helps to improve performance
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29
Q

What does SMART stand for

A

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Recorded
Timed

30
Q

What does it mean by specific?

A
  • Goals must be clear & focused
  • The goal should be directly related to the skill
31
Q

What does it mean by measurable?

A
  • Goals must be measured so that the athlete can see if they have achieved the goal or not
  • Should also be assessed to see how well the performer has done
32
Q

What does it mean by achievable?

A
  • Goal should be challenging but still within the performers capacity
  • Unrealistically hard or easy goals can demotivate the player
33
Q

What does it mean by recorded?

A
  • Goals should be wrote down before the athlete begins working towards them
  • They should write down any progress towards them each week until they hit their goal/ timeframe of their goal
34
Q

What does it mean by timed?

A
  • Goals should have a set time in which they should be completed
  • All goals should have an end point with shorter goals being set on the way to the larger goal
35
Q

Name some mental preparation techniques

A
  • Imagery
  • Mental rehearsal
  • Selective attention
  • Positive thinking
36
Q

What is imagery?

A

Involves going through the activity in your mind to form a mental image of the skill being preformed
—> Performer will picture themselves executing a skill

37
Q

What is mental rehearsal?

A

Imaging the feeling in the muscles when perfectly preforming a skill or mentally rehearsing the skills needed

38
Q

What is positive thinking?

A

Telling yourself positive things that will motivate you or reassure you that you can preform well

39
Q

What is selective attention?

A

Involves the performer focusing on their concentration on what they are doing or about to do, blocking out all distractions

40
Q

What are the types of guidance in sport?

A
  • Visual
  • Verbal
  • Mechanical
  • Manual
41
Q

What is visual guidance?

A

When the performer sees the skill being preformed or practised

42
Q

What are some examples of visual guidance?

A
  • Demonstrations
  • Images
  • Videos
43
Q

What is the advantages of visual guidance?

A
  • Good method for visual learners
  • Good method for complete beginners who may not understand terminology
  • Shows the learner what it should look like
44
Q

What is the disadvantages of visual guidance?

A

Demonstration must ne accurate or it could be learnt incorrectly

45
Q

What is verbal guidance?

A

Given by an observer after watching you preform
—> Feedback needs to be constructive in order to help the performer improve
—> Feedback must be specific w/ accurate terminology

46
Q

What are some examples of verbal guidance?

A
  • Coaching points relating to technique
  • Feedback from the coach
  • Peer feedback
47
Q

What is the advantages of verbal guidance?

A
  • Good way of communicating clear information quickly
  • Can be used successfully w/ visual guidance
48
Q

What is the disadvantages of verbal guidance?

A
  • Needs to be short & simple for beginners & younger athletes
  • Too much info can cause boredom or confusion
  • Performers must understand basic terminology first
49
Q

What is manual guidance?

A

Used when a skill is dangerous or complex
—> Involves coach physically guiding or supporting the athlete

50
Q

How would you provide manual guidance to a gymnast?

A

Supporting a gymnast while doing a somersault

51
Q

What is the advantages of manual guidance?

A
  • Builds confidence
  • Reduces risk of injury
  • Allows the performer to ‘feel the skill’
52
Q

What is the disadvantages of manual guidance?

A
  • Learner could become dependant on support
  • Proximity of the coach can cause issues for either
53
Q

What is mechanical guidance?

A

When a piece of equipment or an aid is used to help a performer learn/practise a potentially dangerous skill

54
Q

How would you provide mechanical guidance to a trampolinist?

A

Using a harness to aid them in preforming a somersault for the first time

55
Q

What is the advantages of mechanical guidance?

A
  • Builds confidence
  • Reduces risk of injury
  • Allows the performer to ‘feel the skill’
56
Q

What is the disadvantages of mechanical guidance?

A
  • Learner could become dependant on support
  • The feel of the movement can be different to the actual movement
57
Q

What are the types of feedback in sport?

A
  • Positive
  • Negative
  • Extrinsic
  • Intrinsic
  • Knowledge of performance
  • Knowledge of results
58
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Usually given to the preformer following a successful outcome

59
Q

Which type of participants will benefit from positive feedback the most?

A

New participants - form of encouragement

60
Q

What is an example of a football coach using positive feedback?

A

Coach saying well done after scoring a successful goal

61
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Usually given to the preformer following an unsuccessful outcome

62
Q

Which type of participants will benefit from negative feedback the most?

A

Elite athletes - will be able to take it as constructive criticism

63
Q

What is an example of a football coach using negative feedback?

A

Coach telling player that shot was played w/ too much power

64
Q

What is Intrinsic feedback?

A

Feedback is felt by the actual preformer as they carry out the skill or a performance
—> Physical feel of the movement as its been preformed

65
Q

What is an example of a high diver using intrinsic feedback?

A

High diver will know how well they did based on how the movement felt

66
Q

What is Extrinsic feedback?

A

Feedback is provided by external sources, either during or after a performance

67
Q

What is an example of a golfer using extrinsic feedback?

A

Golfer will know how they played based on reactions from the crowd & golfers caddy

68
Q

Who will usually provide Extrinsic feedback?

A
  • Coaches, teachers, teammates
  • Things the preformer can see (e.g. instant video replay)
69
Q

What is an example of a 100m sprinter using knowledge of performance?

A

Would use this feedback following a race qualifier

70
Q

What is knowledge of performance?

A

Focusses on how well the athlete preformed (including the quality of movement & skills involved)

71
Q

What is knowledge of results?

A

Focusses on the result at the end of the performance or the outcome of the movement (includes performers score, time or position @ the end of an event)

72
Q

What is an example of a 100m sprinter using knowledge of results?

A

Marathon runner would use this feedback throughout the race
—> To see if they are running at an appropriate pace for them to reach their desired times

GCSE OCR PE (6 decks)

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