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GCSE OCR PE > Paper 2 - Health, Fitness and Wellbeing > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Health?

A

The state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

And not merely the absense of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

What is Well-being?

A

The state of feeling content, happy and healthy

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3
Q

What is Fitness?

A

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

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4
Q

What are the categories of health?

A
  • Physical
  • Social
  • Emotional
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5
Q

What are the physical benefits of exercise?

A
  • Reduces chance of injury
  • Reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)
  • Prevents blood pressure
  • Increases bone density
  • Prevents obesity
  • Helps to avoid Type 2 diabetes
  • Improves posture
  • Improves fitness
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6
Q

How does regular exercise help to prevent high blood pressure?

A
  • Keeps your heart strong
  • Keeps arteries elastic

—> Helps to remove cholesterol from artery walls

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7
Q

How does regular exercise help to prevent obesity?

A

By using up energy that your body would otherwise store as fat

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8
Q

How does regular weight-bearing exercise help to decrease likelihood of fractures?

A

Helps to strengthen bones by increasing bone density

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9
Q

How does regular exercise help to prevent Type 2 diabetes?

A
  • Helps you maintain a healthy weight - Less likely to get diabetes
  • Increases cell’s sensitivity to insulin - Reduces chance of becoming insulin-resistant
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10
Q

How does regular exercise help to improve posture?

A

⬆️ likeliness of good posture —> Less problems w/ muscles of the back

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11
Q

What are the emotional benefits of exercise?

A
  • Self-esteem/confidence
  • Image
  • stress management
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12
Q

How does exercise Increase self-esteem/confidence?

A

Causes body to release hormones which makes you feel happier
—> Makes you feel more confident about yourself

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13
Q

How does exercise Improves Image?

A

An active person = more likely to have a good self image (where they look good to others)

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14
Q

How does exercise Reduces stress?

A

Exercise can allow a person to forget about the everyday stresses of life

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15
Q

What are the social benefits of exercise?

A
  • Allows for new friendships to occur
  • Reduces loneliness
  • Sense of belonging
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16
Q

How does exercise Improve your sense of belonging?

A

Sharing a common interest & working together = ⬆️ social bonds between team members AND helps feel more involved in society

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17
Q

How does exercise reduce loneliness?

A
  • Gives a chance to meet with others
  • Members of the same team will feel they have a collective identity + sense of belonging
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18
Q

How does exercise Help make new friends?

A

By meeting people also involved in sport

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19
Q

What is a Sedentary lifestyle?

A

A lifestyle that features little to no physical activity

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20
Q

What are the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle on physical health?

A
  • ⬆️ chance of CHD
  • ⬆️ chance of high blood pressure
  • Bones get weaker
  • Poor fitness levels
  • Poor posture
  • ⬆️ chance of obesity
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21
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the chance of Coronary Heart Disease?

A

Lack of exercise leads to a build up of fat in the arteries

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22
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the chance of High blood pressure?

A

Due to increased pressure

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23
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the chance of obesity?

A

Any excess energy will be stored as fat
—> ⬆️ Weight

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24
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the chance of Diabetes?

A

Without enough exercise the body doesn’t produce enough insulin

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25
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle make bones weaker?

A

Body’s bone density will ⬇️due to lack of exercise

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26
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle promote poor fitness levels, therefore Increasing the chance of injury?

A

Tiring more easily, suffering muscle damage

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27
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle promote poor posture?

A

Leads to muscle & skeletal damage

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28
Q

What are the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle on emotional health?

A
  • Low confidence
  • ⬆️ Stress
  • Poor body image
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29
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the chance of low self esteem/confidence?

A

Lack of energy
—> More likely to be overweight

30
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase Stress?

A

Dwelling on stress as to getting rid of them through sport

31
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle promote poor body image?

A

Lack of exercise —> possibly being overweight or extremely underweight

32
Q

What are the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle on Social health?

A
  • Loneliness & Isolation
  • Less chances to make friends
33
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle promote Loneliness & Isolation?

A

Having less people to talk to —> ⬆️ feelings of loneliness & isolation

34
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle create less chances to make friends?

A

Can result in someone not going out as much —> Gives less opportunities to make friends

35
Q

What is a Balanced diet?

A

Contains the best ratio of nutrients to match your lifestyle

36
Q

What are the components of a balanced diet?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Fibre
  • Water
37
Q

What are fats also known as?

A

Lipids

38
Q

What molecules are fats made from?

A

Fatty acids

39
Q

What are the purpose(s) of fat?

A
  • Keeps body warm
  • Protects organs
  • Provides us with energy
40
Q

Name some foods where fats are found?

A
  • Butter
  • Cheese
  • Nuts
  • Treats
  • Fried foods
41
Q

Why are fats most suitable for endurance athletes?

A

Fats are used for energy when stores of carbs run low. However, they are released very slowly

42
Q

What do carbohydrates provide to muscles during physical activity?

A

Energy

43
Q

What are the types of Carbohydrates?

A

Simple & complex

44
Q

Give an example of a simple carbohydrate

A

Sugar

45
Q

What does simple carbohydrates provide the body with?

A

Immediate, short burst of energy

46
Q

Give an example of a complex carbohydrate

A

Starch (from bread, pasta etc)

47
Q

What does complex carbohydrates provide the body with?

A

Slow release of energy

48
Q

Give an example of foods where simple carbohydrates are found

A
  • Cakes
  • Biscuits
  • Fruits
49
Q

Give an example of foods where complex carbohydrates are found

A
  • Rice
  • Banana
  • Potatoes
  • Breads
50
Q

What’s the purpose of Fibre?

A
  • Keeps digestive system to work smoothly
  • Prevents constipation
51
Q

Name some foods where Fibre is found?

A
  • Bread
  • Oats
  • Brown rice
  • Vegetables
52
Q

What does having a good digestive system mean?

A

Your body gets all the nutrients it needs from food
—> Your healthy and can do physical activity

53
Q

What molecules are proteins made from?

A

Amino acids

54
Q

What is the purpose of Protein?

A
  • Allows muscles & body tissues to grow and repair itself
  • Provides energy when body’s fat & carbohydrates stores are depleted
55
Q

Name some foods where Protein is found?

A
  • Meat
  • Fish
  • Eggs
  • Beans
56
Q

What is the purpose of Vitamins?

A

Vital in keeping the body functioning well and preventing disease

57
Q

Give some examples of vitamins

A
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin C
58
Q

What is Vitamin A used for in the body?

A

Needed for growth and vision

59
Q

What is Vitamin C used for in the body?

A

Heals wounds & helps immune system

60
Q

What is Vitamin D used for in the body?

A

Needed for strong bones
—> Helps to prevent injury

61
Q

Name some foods where Vitamins are found?

A
  • Fruits
  • Eggs
  • Veg
  • Milk
62
Q

What is the purpose of Minerals?

A
  • Needed for healthy bones & teeth
  • Builds other tissues
  • increases the efficiency of carrying O2 to muscles & allows it to contract repeatedly
63
Q

Name some foods where Minerals are found?

A
  • Meat
  • Veg
  • Cheese
  • Milk
64
Q

What is Calcium used for in the body?

A

Strong bones & teeth

65
Q

What is Iron used for in the body?

A

Making red blood cells in the body

66
Q

How much of the human body is made up of water?

A

75%

67
Q

Name some liquids where water is found?

A
  • Water
  • Other liquids
68
Q

What is the purpose of water?

A
  • Needed for chemical reactions in the body
  • Sweat - Help you cool down when temperature rises
69
Q

What are some effects of dehydration

A
  • Blood thickening
  • Muscle fatigue & cramps
  • Rise in body temp - can cause heat strokes
    Kidneys can build up w/ dangerous nitrates
70
Q

To stay the same weight, what should the proportions of calories eaten & calories burned be?

A

Calories eaten == Calories burned

71
Q

To gain weight, what should the proportions of calories eaten & calories burned be?

A

Calories eaten > Calories burned

72
Q

To lose weight, what should the proportions of calories eaten & calories burned be?

A

Calories eaten < Calories burned

GCSE OCR PE (6 decks)

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