paper 2 :section a urban challeneges Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
Urbanisation is the proportion of the worlds population who live in cities
Why do cities grow?
rural urban migration – the movement of people from the countryside into towns/ cities
Natural increase – where the birth rate is higher than the death rate
Name push factors
farming is hard and poorly paid
drought and other climate hazards reduce crop yields
There are few doctors or hospitals 
name pull factors
The are more well paid jobs
highest standard of living is possible
There is better chance of an education
Explain mega city
Make cities a cities with a population over 10 million
name two regional things of Mumbai
The city contributes 40% of total income to the whole state of Maharashtra
3 million people commute from surrounding areas to work
Name two national impacts of Mumbai
Mumbai handle 60% of India’s sea trade
Home to the biggest cultural industry in India – Bollywood
name two international things about Mumbai
Bank of America, VW, Walt Disney and many more have their headquarters in Mumbai
In 2014 Mumbai was the most globalised city in south east Asia
name three opportunities in Mumbai
 many of India’s TNC’s are based here
It has the most of India’s specialised technical industries
The city runs more than 1000 primary and secondary schools, with free education up to certain ages
Name three challenges for the Mumbai mega city
Mumbai has severe shortage. Water is rationed standpipes often come on for two hours at 5:30 and our shared between many people
Overcrowding means disease spread easily e.g. malaria, play, jaundice, diarrhoea, and typhoid
Lack of basic sanitation with one toilet per thousand people on average
State two positives and two negatives of squatter settlements redevelopment in Mumbai
positives
– Clean water is piped to every home
– Organise ride roads are provided
Negatives
– There is little in the way of community space
– More cramped conditions
– People will lose jobs not sorting the rubbish
what makes Bristol a major UK city
religion
Two universities
Two cathedrals
Culture/entertainment
Education
Industry
Airport
Tourism
Impacts of migration for Bristol
– pressures on housing and employment
-They need to provide education for children whose first language isnt English
– Challenges of integration into the wider community
positives of international migration
food restaurants
Hard-working ethic
fills job shortages
Explain why some areas in large cities have become rundown
there are factories that are no longer in use and are derelict because it cost too much to redevelop.
Old factories have closed – deindustrialisation
There is an outward migration of people leaving buildings empty which causes antisocial behaviour causing more people to move out
Urban sprawl – Greenfield sites, Brownfield sites
Greenfield site – New land for development
Brownfield sites – land that has been redeveloped, abandoned and is waiting to be reused
Explain factors of the Bristol Temple Quarter
– west of England, 39 billion economy
– Over 130 hectares of Brownfield land over 25 years
– 10,000 new homes, 22,000 new jobs
– 1 .6 billion annual income to the cities economy
– Low carbon, climate friendly homes
– Integrated and connected
– Inclusive economic growth
– Quality spaces
– Vibrant and creative communities
Why is the Bristol temple Quarter good?
affordable rent, low cost – making sure all space is used efficiently
Indoor glass with glass roof – families low income can live
Monthly Street market – bring communities together
Regeneration scheme one prize – looks appealing and modern
What is urban greening?
making urban space is more environmentally friendly. Process of increasing and preserving open space in urban space i.e. public parts and garden.
name the two places you studied for social inequality in Bristol
Lawrence Hill, Stoke Bishop
explain the problems between the inequalities within Bristol
Child poverty, crime, education, life expectancy, house price
