p1 section B:the living world

Question 1

producers

Answer 1

convert energy from the environment into sugars.A good example is a plant that converts energy from the sun by photosynthesis

Question 2

consumers

Answer 2

get energy from consuming the producers.A pond snail is a good example because it its plants

Question 3

decomposers

Answer 3

break down plant and animal material and return the nutrients to the soil.
eg bacteria and fungi

Question 4

food chain

Answer 4

a diagram showing the direction links between producers and consumers

Question 5

food web

Answer 5

a complex diagram showing all the links between producers and consumers

Question 6

nutrient cycle

Answer 6

The cycle where dead plants and animals are recycled into foods that are used by other plants and animals to help with growth

Question 7

What happens when an ecosystem is changed

Answer 7

Ecosystem take hundreds of year to evolve

Question 8

Explain climate in deserts

Answer 8

High pressure belts
,sinking air stops clouds from forming resulting in high temperature in day time
,low nighttime temperatures and low rainfall

Question 9

Explain climate in tropical

Answer 9

High temperatures
Heavy rainfall
Low pressure belt ideal conditions for plants to grow

Question 10

Explain deciduous and confirous climate

Answer 10

Shed leaves in winter

Question 11

Climate in tundra climates

Answer 11

Low growing plants adapted to retain heat and moisture in the cold

Windy dry climate

Fragile ecosystems

Question 12

Explain buttress roots

Answer 12

They provide sturdy base for very tall trees

Access nutrients with increased surface area

Question 13

Drip tip leaves

Answer 13

Leave needs to be able to shed water it doesn’t break under the weight and stops leaves from rotting

Question 14

Explain how monkeys are adapted in the rainforest

Answer 14

Extended arm and tail to stay in canapy layer for food
PREHENSIVE tale provides extra limb and safety

Question 15

Explain how ephicytes are adapted

Answer 15

Grow on existing vegetation and take water and minerals from it to seek sunlight

Question 16

What are the soils like

Answer 16

Infertile
Most nutrient are found at the surface where dead leave compose rapidly in the hot humid conditions

Question 17

Explain the nutrient cycle in the tropical rainforest

Answer 17

Biomass—-> litter ——> soils

Question 18

Why should tropical rainforest be protected

Answer 18

Climate change
-absorb and store co2

Biodiversity
-half of all plant and animals

Climate
-28% worlds oxygen came from rainforest

Medicines
-25%

People

Resources

Question 19

Selective logging

Answer 19

+Canapy is protected
+will not outstrip the natural growth cycle
+Money can still be made

-more expensive

Question 20

Agrofoestry

Answer 20

+highly sustainable
+reduces the need for fertilisers
+Maximises profit

-non native species are introduced and cause problems

Question 21

Forest reserves

Answer 21

+rainforest is kept ,biodiversity isn’t affected
+4 million hectares left untouched

-illegal logging could take place
-staff on low wages
-political corruption may interrupt this

Question 22

Afforestation

Answer 22

+maintains the canapay
+reduces global greenhouse gases by 5%

-on new land can have adverse environmental impacts
-takes 30 years

Question 23

Satellite monitoring

Answer 23

+ensure that there is no logging activities
+reduce deforestation by 70%

-action takes time

Question 24

International agreements

Answer 24

Hardwood forestry
-educate manufactures about the need to buy sustainable wood

Debt reduction
-reduce debts for in return an agreement that rainforest won’t be deforested

Question 25

Principles of ecotourism

Answer 25

Involve local communities in the development Reduce negative impact in the environment Respect the rights of the local people

Question 26

Explain polar climate

Answer 26

Winter temperature often fall below -50 c Soil is permantly frozen Precipitation levels are very low Some mosses and lichens grown in the fringes of ice Animal have thick fur

Question 27

Explain tundra climate

Answer 27

Winter temps drop to around -20c Low growing flowering plant and bushes grow Soils are frozen however in summer melt near the surface Artic fox

Question 28

Polar plant adaptations

Answer 28

Bearberry -very low growing -stems have thick bark for stability -hairy stem to retrain heat

Question 29

Tundra animal adaptations

Answer 29

Artic fox

Question 30

Managing cold environments -the use of technology

Answer 30

Pumping stations keep the oil moving and below river to minimise impact to landscape Pipeline is raised and insulated to retain heat and prevent it from melting the permafrost

Question 31

Managing cold environments -actions by governments

Answer 31

Ensures companies invoiced in extraction and transportation must protect natural environments 9 million hectare of protected wilderness The national oceanic overseas fishing and protects habitats

Question 32

Managing cold environments -international agreements

Answer 32

Antarctic treaty Recognises the importance this continent for scientific research Controls tourism and keel disturbance to a minimum

Question 33

Managing cold environments -conservation groups

Answer 33

Wwf Works with local communities to manage critical ecosystems Suooiet scientific research to help protect important specimens