Paper 2 - Hitler's Germany Flashcards
What was the SA?
The Nazi Party’s private army. It caused violence on the streets and attacked political opponents, e.g. the Communists.
When was Hitler appointed Chancellor?
January 1933
Who was Goebbels?
In charge of propaganda
What was Mein Kampf?
The book Hitler wrote in prison which set out the aims of the Nazis, e.g. shame of Versailles, wanting more land for German people, the purity of the German people
How many people were unemployed in Germany by January 1933?
6 million
What was the Night of the Long Knives?
This was the night when Hitler destroyed the SA. 200 men were shot, including the leader Rohm.
When did the Night of the Long Knives happen?
June 1934
Why did Hitler decide to attack the SA in the Night of the Long Knives?
He was worried that it was becoming too powerful and might challenge his power.
What was the Reichstag?
The German parliament
When did the Reichstag Fire happen?
27th February 1933
Did the Reichstag Fire happen before or after Hitler became Chancellor?
After
What happened during the Reichstag Fire?
The Reichstag (the German parliament building) was set on fire.
Who was blamed for the Reichstag Fire and by whom?
Van Der Lubbe, a communist by the Nazis
What was the Emergency Decree?
It gave Hitler powers to arrest anyone suspected of opposing the government. It stopped free speech and the free Press.
When did the Emergency Decree happen and was this before or after the Reichstag Fire?
28th February 1933 and after
Who was Bruning?
The German Chancellor
Why was Bruning unpopular?
Because he riased taxes and cut unemployment benefit and the wages of government employees.
How many votes did Hitler get in the Presidential campaign?
13 million
What was Article 48?
It allowed the President to make laws without asking the Reichstag (German Parliament) if there was an emergency.
Why did von Papen and Von Schleicher resign as Chancellors?
They didn’t have enough support in the Reichstag which meant they couldn’t rule effectively.
Who chooses which person becomes Chancellor?
Hindenburg (the President)
What did Hindenburg (the President) think of Hitler?
He didn’t like him because he thought the Nazis weren’t worthy of ruling Germany. He thought the party was too violent.
What were the effects of the Wall Street Crash in Germany?
6 million unemployed, people became homeless, wages fell, people had to work shorter hours
Who did the Nazis aim to get support from before 1933?
Businessmen AND the working classes
Who did the Communists aim to get support from before 1933?
The working classes
How did the Nazis spread their ideas?
Pamphlets, posters and Nazi-controlled newspapers
Name a simple slogan the Nazis used
One People, One Nation, One Leader
What was the Enabling Act?
It gave Hitler the power to make his own laws without asking the Reichstag (the German parliament)
When was the Enabling Act passed?
March 1933
When did Hindenburg (the President) die?
August 1934
What two things did Hitler do after Hindenburg died?
Declared Fuhrer which meant he was Chancellor and President AND
Made the German army swear an oath of personal loyalty to him
What was the Gestapo?
Germany’s secret police
Who ran the concentration camps?
The SS (Death Head Squads)
What was the largest propaganda event the Nazis held?
Berlin Olympics, 1936
Where was a rally held in Germany every September?
Nuremburg
Who controlled the newspapers in Germany?
The Nazi Party
What happened to books the Nazis didn’t approve of?
20,000 books were burned in May 1933
