Paper 1 - Chapter 3.2 Appeasement and the outbreak of WW2

Question 0

Arguments in favour of appeasement (5)

Answer 0

• the feeling that Germany had genuine grievances
• avoid another war (WW1, Guernica)
• Economic depression
• L of N didn’t work
• Fear of Communism

Question 1

When was Chamberlain elected?

Answer 1

1937

Question 2

Arguments against appeasement (4)

Answer 2

• Hitler couldn’t be trusted
• Made Britain look weak, gave Hitler too much confidence
• Betraying lands protected by T of V
• Hitler increases strength and power…

Question 3

How many people spoke german in the Sudetenland

Answer 3

3 million

Question 4

Was Czechoslovakia strong?

Answer 4

Yes, especially in the west where it had well fortified frontiers

Question 5

Who was Henlein

Answer 5

The leader of Nazis in the Sudetenland

Question 6

Who was Benes

Answer 6

Leader of Czechoslovakia

Question 7

What did Hitler encourage Henlein to do (Sudetenland crisis)

Answer 7

Campaign for independence
Riots broke out
Hitler promised that Henlein could depend on German support

Question 8

When did Chamberlain meet Hitler at Berchtesgaden?

Answer 8

15th September 1938

Question 9

Who promised to help Czechoslovakia

Answer 9

Soviet Russia

Question 10

What did Hitler tell Chamberlain he wanted from the Sudetenland?

Answer 10

All the German speaking parts of Sudetenland

Question 11

When was Godesberg?

Answer 11

22nd September 1938

Question 12

What did Hitler ask for at Godesberg? How did Britain react?

Answer 12

Immediate occupation of the Sudetenland by Germany.

Chamberlain was disappointed and prepared Britain for war.

Question 13

When was the Munich conference

Answer 13

30th September 1938

Question 14

Who was present at the Munich conference (and who was not)

Answer 14

Mussolini, Daladier, Chamberlain, Hitler
(Italy France Britain Germany)
USSR and Czechoslovakia weren’t invited

Question 15

What was agreed at Munich? (4)

Answer 15

Sudetenland would be part of Germany
Britain and France guaranteed the rest of Czechoslovakia - the Czechs were forced to accept this
Britain and Germany would never go to war again

Question 16

Importance of Munich agreement (5)

Answer 16

• Hitler had gained the Sudetenland without fighting
• Czechoslovakia had been betrayed
• USSR was left out and felt betrayed
• Britain sped up re-armament
• Germany gained arms and resources like steel

Question 17

What percent of what did Slovakia lose?

Answer 17

70% of it’s heavy industry

Question 18

Who took land at Czechoslovakia’s expense?

Answer 18

Poland took Teschen in October 1938

Hungary increased its land

Question 19

Who was Hacha

Answer 19

Czech president

Question 20

What happened in 1939 up until March?

Answer 20

Hitler encouraged the Slovaks to press for independence

In March Hacha was forced to hand over Czechoslovakia

Question 21

What did Hitler claim he was doing when he marched into Czechoslovakia?

Answer 21

He claimed he was restoring order.

Question 22

Effects of Hitler’s takeover of Czechoslovakia (6)

Answer 22

• marked the end of appeasement
• proved Hitler couldn’t be trusted
• Britain signed an agreement to protect Poland
• conscription was introduced in Britain
• Hitler signed the pact of steel with Mussolini
• Hitler withdrew from the non-aggression pact and the Anglo-German Naval agreement

Question 23

Effects of Hitler’s takeover of Czechoslovakia - other countries (4)

Answer 23

• Mussolini conquered Albania
• Britain guaranteed Romanian and Greek independence
• Lithuania was forced to surrender Memel (province) to Germany
• Hitler made it clear he wanted Danzing

Question 24

Why couldn’t Britain and France actually help Poland?

Answer 24

They were too far away

Question 25

Who was Poland scared of in 1939?

Answer 25

Both Germany and the soviets - they were afraid the soviets wouldn’t leave if they came to protect Poland

Question 26

What did the USSR feel that Britain was doing, and why was it kind of true? What was evidence for this?

Answer 26

Directing Germany towards the east
Many Brits were more scared of communism than they were of fascism

USSR’s exclusion from the Munich conference and Britain and France not rushing to make agreements with the USSR in 1939

Question 27

What was signed in August 1939

Answer 27

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Question 28

Why was the Nazi-Soviet Pact important ? (4)

Answer 28

• It meant Hitler avoided another war on 2 fronts
• It meant his invasion of Poland was inevitable
• He presumed Britain wouldn’t oppose because it didn’t for Czechoslovakia
• If Britain kept his promise to protect Poland, war was inevitable
• Britain and France had lost their possible ally of the USSR

Question 29

What did Hitler convince Stalin?

Answer 29

That Stalin would re-gain soviet lands he had lost. Some people believe Stalin was fooled, others believe he was buying time to prepare for the attack

Question 30

What did Hitler demand Poland handed over and from when did he demand this? And why

Answer 30

Danzig, from April 1939 because it was 90% German

Question 31

What did Hitler believe would convince Britain and France to agree with his terms in 1939

Answer 31

Putting pressure long enough on Poland

Question 32

Why didn’t Poland hand over Danzig?

Answer 32

Because it was being strengthened by the guarantee of independence by Britain and France

Question 33

What surprised Hitler in 1939

Answer 33

That Britain said if Germany invaded Poland, it would join the war.

Question 34

Why was Hitler confident that he wouldn’t be opposed to?

Answer 34

He thought Britain and France were too afraid of war

Question 35

When did Hitler March into Poland?

Answer 35

1st September 1939

Question 36

When did Britain declare war on Germany?

Answer 36

3rd September 1939

Question 37

What took 4 weeks?

Answer 37

Germany and USSR’s takeover of Poland