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GCSE Geography Questions > Paper 2 - Changing Cities > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Changing Cities Flashcards

1
Q

What is Urbanisation?

A

The process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population lives in towns and cities

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2
Q

What is an Emerging country?

A

A country with high or medium human development

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3
Q

What is a Developing country?

A

A country that has very low human development; it is still in a state of development

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4
Q

What is a Megacity?

A

An urban area with a population exceeding 10 million

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5
Q

What is Population Density?

A

The number of people living per square km

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6
Q

What Physical factors effects the UK’s urbanisation?

A
  • North and West are higher altitude and moutainous
  • These areas are cold
  • They are difficult to build on
  • Physically further away from our main trade with Europe
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7
Q

What Economic factors effects the UK’s urbanisation?

A
  • UK industry is mostly tertiary and quatenary
  • These industries - like transport, health, education, ICT facilities, research and development - require space, and access to good transportation and communication
  • This is better in the South and East due to London’s rapid growth
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8
Q

What Historical factors effects the UK’s urbanisation?

A
  • 19th century Industrial Revolution led to growth in factory and coal towns up North
  • Industrial cities like Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Bradford, Swansea and Newcastle Grew rapidly
  • But, as UK industry development moved on, people with such specific skills were left with no jobs so most moved to get a better chance of employment
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9
Q

What Political factors effects the UK’s urbanisation?

A
  • London is the centre of the UK Government - it is where all the decisions are made
  • The UK’s relationship wth the EU is desirable to firms as there is lots of untaxed trade with these places
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10
Q

Define ‘Settlement’

A

A place where people live

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11
Q

Define ‘Site’

A

The land a settlement is built on - the physical characteristics

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12
Q

What is Suburbanisation?

A

When a city spreads outwards - the outskirts of the city were some of its inhabitants live; they usually have good transport links to the inner city

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13
Q

What is Counter-Urbanisation?

A

The movement of people from major cities to smaller, more rural settlements OR to more distance towns and cities

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14
Q

What is Re-urbanisation?

A

The movement of people back towards a city away from rural and suburban settlements

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15
Q

(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 1) Why has there been National migration/immigration?

A
  • Retirement - rural areas are better for older people
  • Job prospects are more desirable in Southern areas
  • Young people studying elsewhere
  • Jobs in Birmingham are desirable
  • Culturally diverse society
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16
Q

(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 2) What impact has National migration/immigration had on Birmingham?

A
  • More jobs for others
  • More available housing
  • Less ‘British’ people populating Birmingham
  • Less pressure on healthcare services
  • Less people fueling the economy
  • Rural inhabitants come for better jobs
17
Q

(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 3) Why has there been International migration/immigration?

A
  • Refugees from Syria and Afghanistan fleeing from conflict
  • Job prospects in Birmingham are desirable
  • Shortage of workers caused encouragement of immigration
  • Young people come to study there
  • EU migration - better living standards
  • Migrants are willing to do less desirable jobs
18
Q

(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 4) What impacts has International migration/immigration had on Birmingham?

A
  • More competition for jobs - shortage
  • Using our healthcare without contributing
  • Fill up part time and seasonal jobs
  • More pressure on resources
  • Fills less desirable jobs
  • Pay taxes
  • Spend money - aids the economy
  • Increased crime tension
  • Increases inequality
  • Large numbers make it difficult to prepare
  • Migrants bring their entire families with them that puts pressure on resources
19
Q

What is Deindustrialisation?

A

The decline of industries in a city

20
Q

What is a Primary industry?

A

Extraction of raw materials, like oil, coal and metals

21
Q

What is Secondary industry?

A

Manufacturing processes from raw materials

22
Q

What is a Tertiary industry?

A

Providing services, like at a shop

23
Q

What does CBD stand for?

A

Central Business District

24
Q

(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 5) State all you know about the Mailbox

A
  • Previously the Royal Mail’s Sorting Office
  • Also orginally a railway goods yard
  • Now contains offices, shops, bars and restaurants
  • Had a £50 million facelife
  • Created 400 + jobs
  • Home to BBC Birmingham and Network Rail Data Centre
  • Uses canal water for air conditioning
25
Q

(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 6) State all you know about the Bullring Shopping Centre

A

• Busiest Shopping centre in 2004 (3.6milliom visitors)
• £530 million to build - recent refurbishment
• Ugliest Building 2008
• Provides jobs for local people
• People travel from all over the world to go
• Rare shops like Selfriges, Debenhams and Forever 21
•

26
Q

(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 7) State all you know about Grand Central Shopping Centre

A
  • Was a Central station but was refurbished into a shopping centre
  • Very busy
  • 1000 new jobs provided
  • Builds Birmingham’s reputation
  • Easily accessed - lifts for the disabled, pedestrian links and metrotram
27
Q

(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 1) Define ‘Disamentity’

A

The poorest areas, usually run by drug lords

28
Q

(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 2) Define Periférico

A

Slums of shanty towns

29
Q

(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 3) Why has Mexico City’s population grown?

A
  • Rural-to-Urban Migration - better jobs, better schools, modern healthcare
  • Escape the hardships of the countryside
  • Natural increase (more births, less deaths)
  • Economic investment and growth - growth of job opportunities
  • International Migration
30
Q

(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 4) Name the ‘push factors that encourage people to leave other places

A
  • War or Conflict
  • Famine and Drought
  • Poverty stricken Countries
  • Illness
31
Q

(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 5) Name the ‘pull’ factors that encourage people to move to Mexico City

A
  • More employment
  • Better education
  • Healthcare
  • Clean water and food
  • Economic prospect
32
Q

(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 6) List the features of a slum/shanty town

A
  • Unsanitary and dirty
  • Unsafe construction
  • High crime
  • No set boundaries for property
33
Q

(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 7) What are the effects of rapid growth in Mexico?

A
  • Fear of crime - richer ‘gated communities’
  • Lack of well paying jobs - 40% stable
  • Waste and pollution - water supply polluted
34
Q

(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 8) Describe the site of Mexico

A
  • The capital of ancient Aztecs
  • Can be defended
  • Surrounding water provides fish
  • Lakes provide drinking water
35
Q

(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 9) Describe the situation of Mexico

A
  • Routes to the Americas go throught Mexico
  • Railways and roads
  • Flat area

GCSE Geography Questions (10 decks)

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