Paper 2 - Changing Cities Flashcards
What is Urbanisation?
The process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population lives in towns and cities
What is an Emerging country?
A country with high or medium human development
What is a Developing country?
A country that has very low human development; it is still in a state of development
What is a Megacity?
An urban area with a population exceeding 10 million
What is Population Density?
The number of people living per square km
What Physical factors effects the UK’s urbanisation?
- North and West are higher altitude and moutainous
- These areas are cold
- They are difficult to build on
- Physically further away from our main trade with Europe
What Economic factors effects the UK’s urbanisation?
- UK industry is mostly tertiary and quatenary
- These industries - like transport, health, education, ICT facilities, research and development - require space, and access to good transportation and communication
- This is better in the South and East due to London’s rapid growth
What Historical factors effects the UK’s urbanisation?
- 19th century Industrial Revolution led to growth in factory and coal towns up North
- Industrial cities like Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Bradford, Swansea and Newcastle Grew rapidly
- But, as UK industry development moved on, people with such specific skills were left with no jobs so most moved to get a better chance of employment
What Political factors effects the UK’s urbanisation?
- London is the centre of the UK Government - it is where all the decisions are made
- The UK’s relationship wth the EU is desirable to firms as there is lots of untaxed trade with these places
Define ‘Settlement’
A place where people live
Define ‘Site’
The land a settlement is built on - the physical characteristics
What is Suburbanisation?
When a city spreads outwards - the outskirts of the city were some of its inhabitants live; they usually have good transport links to the inner city
What is Counter-Urbanisation?
The movement of people from major cities to smaller, more rural settlements OR to more distance towns and cities
What is Re-urbanisation?
The movement of people back towards a city away from rural and suburban settlements
(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 1) Why has there been National migration/immigration?
- Retirement - rural areas are better for older people
- Job prospects are more desirable in Southern areas
- Young people studying elsewhere
- Jobs in Birmingham are desirable
- Culturally diverse society
(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 2) What impact has National migration/immigration had on Birmingham?
- More jobs for others
- More available housing
- Less ‘British’ people populating Birmingham
- Less pressure on healthcare services
- Less people fueling the economy
- Rural inhabitants come for better jobs
(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 3) Why has there been International migration/immigration?
- Refugees from Syria and Afghanistan fleeing from conflict
- Job prospects in Birmingham are desirable
- Shortage of workers caused encouragement of immigration
- Young people come to study there
- EU migration - better living standards
- Migrants are willing to do less desirable jobs
(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 4) What impacts has International migration/immigration had on Birmingham?
- More competition for jobs - shortage
- Using our healthcare without contributing
- Fill up part time and seasonal jobs
- More pressure on resources
- Fills less desirable jobs
- Pay taxes
- Spend money - aids the economy
- Increased crime tension
- Increases inequality
- Large numbers make it difficult to prepare
- Migrants bring their entire families with them that puts pressure on resources
What is Deindustrialisation?
The decline of industries in a city
What is a Primary industry?
Extraction of raw materials, like oil, coal and metals
What is Secondary industry?
Manufacturing processes from raw materials
What is a Tertiary industry?
Providing services, like at a shop
What does CBD stand for?
Central Business District
(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 5) State all you know about the Mailbox
- Previously the Royal Mail’s Sorting Office
- Also orginally a railway goods yard
- Now contains offices, shops, bars and restaurants
- Had a £50 million facelife
- Created 400 + jobs
- Home to BBC Birmingham and Network Rail Data Centre
- Uses canal water for air conditioning
(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 6) State all you know about the Bullring Shopping Centre
• Busiest Shopping centre in 2004 (3.6milliom visitors)
• £530 million to build - recent refurbishment
• Ugliest Building 2008
• Provides jobs for local people
• People travel from all over the world to go
• Rare shops like Selfriges, Debenhams and Forever 21
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(CASE STUDY - Birmigham) 7) State all you know about Grand Central Shopping Centre
- Was a Central station but was refurbished into a shopping centre
- Very busy
- 1000 new jobs provided
- Builds Birmingham’s reputation
- Easily accessed - lifts for the disabled, pedestrian links and metrotram
(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 1) Define ‘Disamentity’
The poorest areas, usually run by drug lords
(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 2) Define Periférico
Slums of shanty towns
(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 3) Why has Mexico City’s population grown?
- Rural-to-Urban Migration - better jobs, better schools, modern healthcare
- Escape the hardships of the countryside
- Natural increase (more births, less deaths)
- Economic investment and growth - growth of job opportunities
- International Migration
(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 4) Name the ‘push factors that encourage people to leave other places
- War or Conflict
- Famine and Drought
- Poverty stricken Countries
- Illness
(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 5) Name the ‘pull’ factors that encourage people to move to Mexico City
- More employment
- Better education
- Healthcare
- Clean water and food
- Economic prospect
(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 6) List the features of a slum/shanty town
- Unsanitary and dirty
- Unsafe construction
- High crime
- No set boundaries for property
(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 7) What are the effects of rapid growth in Mexico?
- Fear of crime - richer ‘gated communities’
- Lack of well paying jobs - 40% stable
- Waste and pollution - water supply polluted
(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 8) Describe the site of Mexico
- The capital of ancient Aztecs
- Can be defended
- Surrounding water provides fish
- Lakes provide drinking water
(CASE STUDY - Mexico City) 9) Describe the situation of Mexico
- Routes to the Americas go throught Mexico
- Railways and roads
- Flat area
