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GCSE Geography Questions > Paper 1 - Weather Hazards and Climate Change > Flashcards

Paper 1 - Weather Hazards and Climate Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Define ‘Weather’

A

The state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time and regards to heat, cloudiness, dryness, etc

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2
Q

Define ‘Climate’

A

The statistics of weather over a 30 year interval

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3
Q

Name the 3 types of Cell

A

Polar, Ferrel and Hadley

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4
Q

What direction does wind rotate on the northern hemisphere?

A

Anticlockwise

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5
Q

What direction does wind rotate on the southern hemisphere?

A

Clockwise

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6
Q

Why can’t winds travel in straight lines?

A

The earth is rotating

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7
Q

What is the ‘rotating winds’ effect called?

A

The coriolis effect

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8
Q

Tap for a friendly message

A

(You’re doing great)

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9
Q

What causes low pressure?

A

Warm air, air rising

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10
Q

What causes high pressure?

A

Cold air, air sinking

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11
Q

What is wind?

A

The movement of air from high to low pressure

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12
Q

Define ‘trade winds’

A

Warm winds that blow across the equator

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13
Q

What does ITCZ stand for?

A

Inter Tropical Convergence Zones

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14
Q

In what ways can we find put about past climates?

A
  • Pollen records
  • Tree rings
  • Historical records
  • Ice cores (air bubbles)
  • Fossils & carbon dating
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15
Q

Name the three Milankovitch cycles

A

Eccentricity, axial tilt and precession

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16
Q

What is eccentricity?

A

The change in earth’s orbit every 100,000 years between circular (warmer and interglacial) and elliptical (colder and glacial)

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17
Q

What is axial tilt?

A

The angle at which the earth is can change every 40,000 years and dictate the difference in our seasons

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18
Q

What is precession

A

When the earth wobbles on its axis and change the direction it is facing, every 24,000 years

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19
Q

How does Maritime effect the weather?

A

Winds that travel over seas pick up more moisture and cause rainfall all year round

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20
Q

What is the prevailing wind in the UK?

A

South Westerly

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21
Q

What does the SW wind mean for the east of the UK?

A

It is drier

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22
Q

How does North Atlantic Drift effect the UK?

A

It brings warmer water from the gulf of Mexico, giving the UK a warmer climate than expected for our latitude

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23
Q

What cell is the UK Located in?

A

Between Polar and Ferrel

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24
Q

How do you work out altitude?

A

The higher it is, the colder it is, -1°C for every 100m above sea level

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25
Q

[CASE STUDY: The Maldives] 1) What social effects does flooding have on the Maldives?

A
  • Increase in waterborne diseases
  • Food and Crop shortages
  • Migration to safer areas
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26
Q

[CASE STUDY: The Maldives] 2) What economic effects does flooding have on the Maldives?

A
  • Destruction of housing and infrastructure
  • Few Resources
  • Rely on foreign aid
27
Q

[CASE STUDY: The Maldives] 3) What Environmental effects does flooding have on the Maldives?

A
  • Loss of land (habitats)
  • Animals drowned
  • Fresh water fish die in salty water
28
Q

What temperature is needed for a cyclone to form?

A

27°C

29
Q

Why do Cyclones spin?

A

The Coriolis effect

30
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 1) What type of Country is the Philippines?

A

LIC or emerging/developing country

31
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 2) What social effects did typhoon Haiyan have?

A
  • 6000+ died
  • Tens of thousands made homeless
  • Aid blocked by landslides
32
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 3) What economic effects did typhoon Haiyan have?

A
  • Transport disrupted

* Damage estimated US$2billion

33
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 1) What environmental effects did typhoon Haiyan have?

A
  • Trees uprooted
  • Chemical leaks
  • Oil spill
34
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 5) What media responses happened after Typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • Band ‘Journey’ donated $350,000
  • Coca Cola donated $2.5million of their advertising budget
  • FIFA donated $1million
35
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 6) What charity responses happened after Typhoon Haiyan?

A

• Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation gave emergency aid in the form of cash, healthcare, meals and classrooms

36
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 7) What Government responses happened after Typhoon Haiyan?

A

• Evacuations - uncontrolled and had to be held by police

37
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 8) What local responses happened after Typhoon Haiyan?

A

• Assessment of damage

38
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 9) What type of Country is the USA?

A

A HIC or developed country

39
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 10) What social effects did Hurricane Sandy have?

A
  • 223 people killed
  • Power outages effected 8 milion people
  • Damage to 200,000 homes
40
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 11) What economic effects did Hurricane Sandy have?

A
  • Damage estimated US$50billion+
  • Transport stop and infrastructure several damaged
  • Stock exchange forced to close
41
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 12) What environmental effects did Hurricane Sandy have?

A
  • Sea water contaminated drinking water
  • Spillage of sewage
  • Water levels rose
42
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 13) What media responses happened following Hurricane Sandy?

A
  • Social media gave access to support and advice and communication
  • Corporate donation and fundraising
43
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 14) What charity responses happened following Hurricane Sandy?

A
  • 9,000 spent the night in redcross shelters

* 4000 disaster workers sent from the red cross

44
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 15) What Government responses happened following Hurricane Sandy?

A
  • Obama visited states to see the damage

* 1500 FEMA personel used to support

45
Q

[CASE STUDY: Tropical Cyclones] 16) What Local responses happened following Hurricane Sandy?

A

• Social media connected people

46
Q

Define Arid

A

Countries then receive less than 250mm of rainfall per year

47
Q

Where are drought usually located?

A

Areas of high pressure (air decendes and is dry)

48
Q

What are some of the impacts of drought?

A
  • Illness and death due to poor quality/ lack of water
  • Wildlife migration
  • Soil can’t support plants and crops
  • Forest fires
49
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 1) What type of Country is Ethiopia?

A

LIC or Emerging/developing

50
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 9) What type of Country is California?

A

HIC or Developed

51
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 2) What were the social effects of the Drought in Ethiopia?

A
  • 10.2million people in need of emergency food
  • 400,000 children needing treatment for acute malnutrition
  • Bad hygiene and lots if disease
52
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 10) What were the social effects of the Drought in California?

A
  • Lack of drinking water
  • Hose pipe ban
  • Increased food and water prices
53
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 3) What were the economic effects of the Drought in Ethiopia?

A
  • Crop failure
  • Death of Cattle and lifestock
  • Food prices increased
54
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 11) What were the economic effects of the Drought in California?

A
  • Reduction of hydroelectric power used
  • Crops didn’t grow and lifestock couldn’t be farmed - California provides for rest if country
  • Increased food prices
55
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 12) What were the environmental effects of the Drought in California?

A
  • Wildfires
  • Fish die - fishermen lose jobs, less food
  • Draining of streams and rivers
56
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 4) What were the environmental effects of the Drought in Ethiopia?

A
  • Wildfires
  • Rivers polluted by dead animals
  • Soil erosion - difficult to grow crops
57
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 5) What were the media responses after the Drought in Ethiopia?

A

• Band Aid 1988 ‘Do they know it’s Christmas?’

58
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 6) What were the charity responses after the Drought in Ethiopia?

A

• Oxfam and unicef raised US$60million

59
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 13) What were the charity responses after the Drought in California?

A

• California water service group gave $600,000+

60
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 7) What were the Government responses after the Drought in Ethiopia?

A
  • Spent $318million

* Organised relief programs

61
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 14) What were the Government responses after the Drought in California?

A
  • State of emergency declared

* Fines of $500 for wasteful use of water

62
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 8) What were the local responses after the Drought in Ethiopia?

A

• People educated on new farming methods

63
Q

[CASE STUDY: Drought] 15) What were the local responses after the Drought in California?

A
  • Lawns left to go brown
  • Less showers
  • Farmers pump ground water

GCSE Geography Questions (10 decks)

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