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GCSE Geography Questions > Paper 1 - UK Physical Landscape > Flashcards

Paper 1 - UK Physical Landscape Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the formation of Sedimentary Rocks

A
  • Formed in layers called ‘Sediments’

* Formed from small particles that have been eroded and transported and the grains pushed together

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2
Q

List 2 features of Sedimentary Rocks

A
  • Often contain fossils

* Have a great variety of colours

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3
Q

Name three examples of Sedimentary Rock

A
  • Sandstone
  • Chalk
  • Limestone
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4
Q

How are Igneous Rocks formed?

A
  • Volcanic activity

* Magma cools

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5
Q

Give 2 examples of Igneous Rock

A
  • Granite

* Basalt

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6
Q

List 3 features of Igneous Rock

A
  • Very resistant rocks
  • Can be extrusive (small crystals)
  • Can be intrusive (large crystals)
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7
Q

Which two factors must be present for Metamorphic Rocks to form? + one other detail about their formation

A
  • Extreme heat
  • Extreme pressure
  • Formed in layers or bands

(NOTE: The rocks are NOT melted)

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8
Q

Give two examples of Metamorphic Rock (and the rocks they were before metamorphosised)

A
  • Shale 》Slate

* Limestone 》Marble

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9
Q

What can Metamorphic Rock contain?

A

• Fossils but they are usually out of shape

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10
Q

What type(s) of rock do the UK’s Upland areas mostly contain? What is the exception?

A

• Resistant rocks, like igneous and metamorphic • BUT there are some harder sedimentary rocks, such as carboniferous limestone

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11
Q

What type of rock is mostly present in the UK’s Lowland areas?

A

Softer, sedimentary rocks (Chalk and, even softer Clay)

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12
Q

CASE STUDY: Bowerman’s Nose - Dartmoor Tors) 1) What area is it in?

A

Upland UK

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13
Q

CASE STUDY: Bowerman’s Nose - Dartmoor Tors) 2) What rock is it made from?

A

Igneous Rock; Granite

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14
Q

CASE STUDY: Bowerman’s Nose - Dartmoor Tors) 3) What processes have occurred to change it since its formation 290 million years ago?

A
  • Chemical weathering
  • Mechanical weathering
  • Mass movement
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15
Q

CASE STUDY: Limestone Pavement - Malham)

1) What type of rock is it made of?

A

Sedimentary rock; Limestone

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16
Q

CASE STUDY: Limestone Pavement - Malham) 2) What was it’s shape before erosion occurred?

A

A platform of limestone

17
Q

CASE STUDY: Limestone Pavement - Malham) 3) How did the cracks form?

A

Mechanical and Chemical weathering

18
Q

CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 1) Which area of the UK is it in?

A

Lowland

19
Q

CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 2) What rock is it made up of?

A

Sedimentary; Chalk

20
Q

CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 3) What was it’s other name?

A

‘Weald-Artois Anticline’

21
Q

CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 4) What is it’s shape?

A
  • The top has gentle, rolling hills

* The bottom has a steep scarp slope and dip slope

22
Q

CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 4) How was it formed?

A

Giant earth movement caused layers of sediment to be forced upwards forming a chalk dome

23
Q

CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 5) How and why has it changed?

A
  • Chemical and Mechanical weathering

* Caused by the last ice age

24
Q

CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 6) What did the erosion and weathering form?

A
  • V-shaped valleys
  • Hilltops
  • Ridges
25
Q

What are joints?

A

Vertices cracks

26
Q

What are planes?

A

Horizontal lines

27
Q

How do humans use landscapes for agriculture?

A
  • Animal feeding

* Growing food

28
Q

What types of grassland is good for grazing sheep and cows? Why?

A
  • Chalk grassland is good for sheep 》grass is short and full of nutrients
  • Clay grassland is good for cows 》grass is longer
29
Q

Why are lower slopes good for arable framing? Give examples of what can be grown

A
  • They have deeper soil

* Wheat, barley & vine

30
Q

What impacts has farming has on wildlife? (2 good points, 2 bad points)

A

+ Hedgerows provide habitats for bird species
+ Hedgerows form wildlife corridors for bats
- Overfarming
- Chemical farming

GCSE Geography Questions (10 decks)

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