Paper 1 - UK Physical Landscape Flashcards
Describe the formation of Sedimentary Rocks
- Formed in layers called ‘Sediments’
* Formed from small particles that have been eroded and transported and the grains pushed together
List 2 features of Sedimentary Rocks
- Often contain fossils
* Have a great variety of colours
Name three examples of Sedimentary Rock
- Sandstone
- Chalk
- Limestone
How are Igneous Rocks formed?
- Volcanic activity
* Magma cools
Give 2 examples of Igneous Rock
- Granite
* Basalt
List 3 features of Igneous Rock
- Very resistant rocks
- Can be extrusive (small crystals)
- Can be intrusive (large crystals)
Which two factors must be present for Metamorphic Rocks to form? + one other detail about their formation
- Extreme heat
- Extreme pressure
- Formed in layers or bands
(NOTE: The rocks are NOT melted)
Give two examples of Metamorphic Rock (and the rocks they were before metamorphosised)
- Shale 》Slate
* Limestone 》Marble
What can Metamorphic Rock contain?
• Fossils but they are usually out of shape
What type(s) of rock do the UK’s Upland areas mostly contain? What is the exception?
• Resistant rocks, like igneous and metamorphic • BUT there are some harder sedimentary rocks, such as carboniferous limestone
What type of rock is mostly present in the UK’s Lowland areas?
Softer, sedimentary rocks (Chalk and, even softer Clay)
CASE STUDY: Bowerman’s Nose - Dartmoor Tors) 1) What area is it in?
Upland UK
CASE STUDY: Bowerman’s Nose - Dartmoor Tors) 2) What rock is it made from?
Igneous Rock; Granite
CASE STUDY: Bowerman’s Nose - Dartmoor Tors) 3) What processes have occurred to change it since its formation 290 million years ago?
- Chemical weathering
- Mechanical weathering
- Mass movement
CASE STUDY: Limestone Pavement - Malham)
1) What type of rock is it made of?
Sedimentary rock; Limestone
CASE STUDY: Limestone Pavement - Malham) 2) What was it’s shape before erosion occurred?
A platform of limestone
CASE STUDY: Limestone Pavement - Malham) 3) How did the cracks form?
Mechanical and Chemical weathering
CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 1) Which area of the UK is it in?
Lowland
CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 2) What rock is it made up of?
Sedimentary; Chalk
CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 3) What was it’s other name?
‘Weald-Artois Anticline’
CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 4) What is it’s shape?
- The top has gentle, rolling hills
* The bottom has a steep scarp slope and dip slope
CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 4) How was it formed?
Giant earth movement caused layers of sediment to be forced upwards forming a chalk dome
CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 5) How and why has it changed?
- Chemical and Mechanical weathering
* Caused by the last ice age
CASE STUDY: Chalk Escarpment - North and South Downs) 6) What did the erosion and weathering form?
- V-shaped valleys
- Hilltops
- Ridges
What are joints?
Vertices cracks
What are planes?
Horizontal lines
How do humans use landscapes for agriculture?
- Animal feeding
* Growing food
What types of grassland is good for grazing sheep and cows? Why?
- Chalk grassland is good for sheep 》grass is short and full of nutrients
- Clay grassland is good for cows 》grass is longer
Why are lower slopes good for arable framing? Give examples of what can be grown
- They have deeper soil
* Wheat, barley & vine
What impacts has farming has on wildlife? (2 good points, 2 bad points)
+ Hedgerows provide habitats for bird species
+ Hedgerows form wildlife corridors for bats
- Overfarming
- Chemical farming
