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Geography D Block > Paper 1- Weather/ Natural Hazards > Flashcards

Paper 1- Weather/ Natural Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

how are tropical storms different from mid-latitude depressions

A

they are stronger low pressure systems

winds can exceed 155mph

Precipitation can exceed 2500mm in a day

cover a smaller area than mid latitude storm systems but more intense

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2
Q

What are intense tropical storms different in parts of the world

A

hurricanes in the atlantic and east pacific

typhoons in the west of the north pacific

Cyclones in the indian ocean and in the west of South pacific

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3
Q

The formation of tropical storms

A

occur in late summer when areas of warm tropical ocean exceed 27 degrees, causing convective uplift to start the low pressure

rising air causes condensation, this releases latent heat keeping air warm enough to continue rising. Latent heat release is the fuel of the storm

Away from the equator, the coriolis force causes the storm to rotate

Storm builds strength as it travels over the warm ocean, sucking up more humid air

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4
Q

learn annotations for cross section of tropical storms

A

poo

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5
Q

Saffir-Simpson Scale

A

is used to classify tropical storms according to strength

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6
Q

Speed categories

A

1= 74 - 95 (mph) 980 (Pressure) 4-5 (surge)
2= 96-110 965 - 980 6-8
3= 111 - 130 945-965 9-12
4= 131-155 920-945 13-18
5=>155 >920 >18

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7
Q

What causes tropical storms to end?

A

Over land or a cold area of sea, the air is less humid so when a tropical strom makes landfall or crosses colder seas, the “fuel” (warm humid air) is cut off and the storm loses strength

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8
Q

distribution of tropical storms

A

everywhere above and below the equator except countries like South America, Portugal and South Atlantic

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9
Q

What direction do storms travel

A

in low latitudes they move from East to West because of the trade winds. Only at higher latitudes do they begin to veer eastwards due to mid latitude westerly winds

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10
Q

Hazards associated with tropical storms

A

High winds - damage to buildings
Heavy rain - causing flooding and Landslides
Storm Surge - strong wind, and low pressure under the storm creates a bulge of higher sea level that rushes onshore

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11
Q

how might climate change affect the distribution, frequency, and intensity of tropical storms?

A

climate change = warming seas - could lead to either more frequent, bigger or where one has not been before

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12
Q

Primary and Secondary effects of tropical storms

A

Primary - Deaths, damage to buildings

Secondary- landslides due to heavy rainfall, problems caused by flooding, contamination of water supplies and spread of disease, long term economic problems

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13
Q

Immediate responses to effect of tropical storms

A

evacuation to higher ground/ storm shelters, Distribution of emergency aid

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14
Q

long term responses to effect of tropical storms

A 
improving predictions and warnings
repairing infrastructure
Investing in new sea defences
Restoring coastal wetlands
Preventing new development in risk zones
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15
Q

what are long term responses about

A

achieving more sustainable development in areas at risk from tropical storms

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16
Q

impacts of tropical storms on HICs and LICs tend to contrast

A

HICs experience damage in monetary terms. E.g. Hurrican Andrew Florida 1992 => 27 billion worth of damage
LICs tend to experience higher casualties e.g. 300,000 killed in Bangladesh 1970)

Impacts tend to last longer for LICs

17
Q

Typhoon Haiyan intro facts

A 
4:40 am 8th November 2013
Category 5
Originated in NW Pacific ocean
Winds speeds of 314 km/h
6,190 died
18
Q

Primary effect of typhoon Haiyan

A 
Homes destroyed
Evacuation centre badly damaged
Roads blocked
Power interupted
Airport damaged
Leyte + Tacloban had 5 meter storm surge
400ml of rain
90% of Tacloban destroyed
19
Q

Secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan

A

Before, coconut, sugar cane and rice made up 12.7% of GDP => these were lost in the storm damage to rice = 53million $

three quarters of farmers + fisherman lost their income

UN totalled recovery costs for f+a = $724 million

Oil barge ran aground at Estancia contaminated 10km

Flooding spread diseases

20
Q

Immediate responses

A

President televised a warning

Evacuated 800,000 people

Indoor stadium for refuge (people died when it flooded)

Government ensured supplies

Emergency aid arrived after 3 days

Took 1 week for power restoration

Curfew was imposed

33 countries pledged to help

21
Q

long term responses of typhoon haiyan

A

July 2014- government declared working towards long term recovery

not just re built but upgraded

new storm surge warning

Mangroves replanted

No build zone in certain areas

Plans to build citys like Tacloban

Geography D Block (20 decks)

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