Paper 1 - Glaciation recap

Question 1

ablation

Answer 1

the loss of ice or snow from a glacier

Question 2

ablation zone

Answer 2

the lower area of the glacier where the rate of ablation is higher than the rate of accumulation

Question 3

accumulation zone

Answer 3

the upper area of a glacier where the rate of accumulation is higher than the rate of ablation

Question 4

advance (of a glacier)

Answer 4

oocurs over a time period when accumulation averaged accross the whole glacier exceeds the ablation, extending further

Question 5

calving

Answer 5

where glaciers reach the sea or a lake, it is the process by which pieces of the glacier break off and float away

Question 6

crevasses

Answer 6

fractures that can bee seen at the surface of glaciers caused by stretching of ice

Question 7

equilibrium line

Answer 7

the boundary between a glaciers accumulation zone and its ablation zone

along the boundary, the ablation + acumulation is balanced

Question 8

glacier ice

Answer 8

ice formed from snow which has been compacted

Question 9

glacier terminus

Answer 9

downward end of the glacier

Question 10

mass balance

Answer 10

relation between acumulation and ablation for a glacier.

it is positive if there is more acumulation over the year than ablation: vice versa

from autumn to autumn

Question 11

moraine

Answer 11

accumulation of rocks debris being transported or deposited by a glacier

+ the land forms that are made after glaciation

Question 12

snout

Answer 12

the lower part of a valleys glaciers ablation zone

Question 13

material deposited by glacier

Answer 13

till

Question 14

material that has been carried by a glacier then by meltwater

Answer 14

outwash

Question 15

abrasion

Answer 15

proccess of rock material frozen to the underside of a glacier abrading the bedrock beneath as the glacier moves

Question 16

arête

Answer 16

sharp steep, narrow ridge that results from glaciers in two adjacent cirques or valleyes

Question 17

chatter marks

Answer 17

crescent shaped marks and cracks formed by rock debris being dragged along the bottom

Question 18

cirque

Answer 18

armchair or bowl shape hollows on the sides of mountains

Question 19

erratic

Answer 19

large boulder that has been moved by a glacier

Question 20

fjord

Answer 20

steep narrow sea inlet

Question 21

glacial trough

Answer 21

steed sided flat bottom valley

Question 22

hanging valley

Answer 22

formed from a smaller glacier joining a bigger one

Question 23

horn

Answer 23

steep isolated peak formed from glaciers wearing away more than three sides

Question 24

roche moutonée

Answer 24

bedrock outcrop with a smoothed abraded up glacier sided and a steeper ice plucked down glacier side

Question 25

striae

Answer 25

scratches and grooves on hard bedrock caused by tock debris underneath alinged parallel with the direction the glacier was moving