Paper 1 stuff to remeber Flashcards
Define enthalpy of formation.
ECW 1 mole of a substance is formed from its constituent atoms in their standard states in standard conditions. Na(s) + 1/2Cl2(g) -> NaCl(s)
Define ionisation energy.
ECW 1 e- is removed from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form a mole of gaseous ions with a 1+ charge. Mg(g) -> Mg+(g) + e-
Define enthalpy of atomisation.
ECW 1 mole of gaseous ions is formed from the element in its standard state. Na(s) -> Na(g)
Define bond dissociation energy.
ECW 1 mole of covalent bonds is broken into 2 gaseous atoms (or free radicals). Cl2(g) -> 2Cl(g)
Define electron affinity.
ECW each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms gain 1 e- to produce one mole of gaseous 1- ions. Mg(g) + e- -> Mg-(g)
Define lattice dissociation energy.
ECW 1 mole of ionic crystal is broken into its constituent gaseous atoms. NaCl(s) -> Na+(g) + Cl-(g)
Define enthalpy of hydration.
ECW 1 mole of gaseous ions becomes aq ions. Na+(g) + aq -> Na+(aq)
Define enthalpy of solution.
ECW 1 mole of an ionic substance dissolves in a large enough amount of water to ensure that the dissolved ions are well separated and do not interact with each other. NaCl(s) + aq -> Na+(g) + Cl-(g)
Give two properties of equilibrium.
Rate of forwards and backwards reaction is equal
Concentration of reactants and products are not changinng
In the electrochemical series what do more negative values indicate?
Oxidation
If reactants aren’t solid in the electrochemical series what is needed?
Pt electrode
Define transition metal.
D block element that can form at least one stable ion with a partially filled d subshell.
Which two elements in the d block aren’t transition metals?
Scandium and zinc.
Define catalytic poisoning.
Impurities block active sites and stop the catalyst from working.
What are the two equations for the contact process?
SO2(g) + V2O5(s) -> SO3(g) + V2O4(s)
V2O4(s) + 0.5O2(g) -> V2O5(s)
