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A Level Chemistry > Acids And Bases > Flashcards

Acids And Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

A

A species that can donate a proton.

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2
Q

What is a Brønsted-Lowry base?

A

A species that can accept a proton.

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3
Q

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

A

Two species that are different from each other by an H+ ion.

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4
Q

What is the pH for?

A

The pH indicates the acidity or basicity of an acid or alkali.

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5
Q

What is the equation for pH?

A

pH = -log [H+]

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6
Q

What is the equation for [H+]?

A

[H+] = 10^-pH

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7
Q

What is Ka?

A

The acidic dissociation constant.

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8
Q

What is the equation for Ka?

A

Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]

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9
Q

What is the formula equation for the partial ionisation of a weak acid HA?

A

HA (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + A- (aq)

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10
Q

When writing the equilibrium expression for weak acids what assumptions are made?

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions due to the ionisation of water is negligible.
The dissociation of the weak acid is so small that the concentration of HA is approximately the same as the concentration of A-.

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11
Q

A high value of Ka means that?

A

The equilibrium position lies to the right.
The acid is almost completely ionised.
The acid is strongly acidicm

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12
Q

A low value of Ka means that?

A

The equilibrium position lies to the left.
The acid is only slightly ionised (there are mainly HA and only a few H+ and A- ions).
The acid is weakly acidic.

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13
Q

What are pKa values used for?

A

To compare the strengths of weak acids with each other.

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14
Q

What are pKa values used for?

A

To compare the strengths of weak acids with each other.

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15
Q

What is the equation for pKa?

A

pKa = -log Ka

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16
Q

What does the value of pKa indicate?

A

The less positive the pKa value the more acidic the acid is.

17
Q

What is Kw?

A

The ionic product of water.

18
Q

What is the formula equation for the ionisation of water?

A

H2O (l) ⇌ H+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

19
Q

What is the equation for Kw?

A

Kw = [H+][OH-] / [H2O]
Kw = [H+][OH-]

20
Q

Why can we remove [H2O] from the equation for Kw?

A

So large, regarded as constant.

21
Q

In pure water what can the equation for Kw be simplified further to? Why?

A

Kw = [H+]^2
Because [H+] = [OH+]

22
Q

Strong acids are completely ionised in solution, what is the formula equation?

A

HA (aq) → H+ (aq) + A- (aq)

23
Q

For a strong acid completely dissociated in solution what is equal? How can we use this to calculate pH?

A

[H+] = [HA]
pH= -log[H+] = -log[HA]

24
Q

Strong alkalis are completely ionised in solution, what is the formula equation?

A

BOH (aq) → B+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

A Level Chemistry (26 decks)

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