3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define organic chemistry.
Study of compounds containing carbon.
Define molecular formula.
Formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule.
Give an example of a molecular formula.
C4H10, butane.
Define empirical formula.
Formula that gives the simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound.
Give an example of an empirical formula.
C2H5, butane.
Define structural formula.
This shows the number of atoms joined together in a molecule.
Give an example of a structural formula.
CH3CH2CH2CH3.
Define displayed formula.
This shows all the atoms and bonds in a molecule.
Define functional group.
The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule.
Define homologous series.
A family of compounds with the same general formula and the same chemical properties. In a series each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties.
In a structural formula how do we show branches?
Brackets.
Define skeletal formula.
Uses lines to represent bonds, each point represents a C atom.
What is not usually shown in a skeletal formula? When are they shown?
H atoms and bonds, unless part of a functional group.
What is always shown in a skeletal formula?
Other atoms, eg. O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, S.
Prefix for 1 carbon atoms.
Meth-
Prefix for 2 carbon atoms.
Eth-
Prefix for 3 carbon atoms.
Prop-
Prefix for 4 carbon atoms.
But-
Prefix for 5 carbon atoms.
Pent-
Prefix for 6 carbon atoms.
Hex-
Prefix for 7 carbon atoms.
Hept-
Prefix for 8 carbon atoms.
Oct-
Prefix for 9 carbon atoms.
Non-
Prefix for 10 carbon atoms.
Dec-
What do we put between numbers in nomaneclature?
Commas.
What do we put between numbers and words in nomenaclature?
Hyphens.
What name of alkane group is CH3-
Methyl
What name of alkane group is CH3CH2-
Ethyl
What name of alkane group is CH3CH2CH2-
Propyl
What name of alkane group is CH3CH2CH2Ch2-
Butyl
What is the prefix for 2 identical alkane groups?
Di-
What is the prefix for 3 identical alkane groups?
Tri-
What is the prefix for 4 identical alkane groups?
Tetra-
What is the prefix for 5 identical alkane groups?
Penta-
What is the prefix for 6 identical alkane groups?
Hexa-
What is the prefix for fluorine?
Fluoro-
What is the prefix for chlorine?
Chloro-
What is the prefix for bromine?
Bromo-
What is the prefix for iodine?
Iodo-
Define addition reaction.
Reaction where a molecule joins to an unsaturated molecule to produce a saturated molecule.
Define aliphatic.
Organic compounds containing C chains and branches.
Define aromatic.
Organic compounds containing one or more benzene rings.
Define carbocation.
A positive ion with the positive charge on a C atom.
Define cyclic.
Organic compounds containing C rings.
Define dehydration.
Elimination of water.
Define dehydrogenation.
Elimination of hydrogen.
Define electrophile.
Lone pair acceptor.
Define elimination reaction.
Reaction where a molecule is lost from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule.
Define free radical.
Species with an unpaired electron.
Define functional group.
The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule.
Define homologous series.
A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties. In a series, each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties.
