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A Level Chemistry > 3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Define organic chemistry.

A

Study of compounds containing carbon.

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2
Q

Define molecular formula.

A

Formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule.

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3
Q

Give an example of a molecular formula.

A

C4H10, butane.

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4
Q

Define empirical formula.

A

Formula that gives the simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound.

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5
Q

Give an example of an empirical formula.

A

C2H5, butane.

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6
Q

Define structural formula.

A

This shows the number of atoms joined together in a molecule.

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7
Q

Give an example of a structural formula.

A

CH3CH2CH2CH3.

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8
Q

Define displayed formula.

A

This shows all the atoms and bonds in a molecule.

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9
Q

Define functional group.

A

The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule.

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10
Q

Define homologous series.

A

A family of compounds with the same general formula and the same chemical properties. In a series each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties.

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11
Q

In a structural formula how do we show branches?

A

Brackets.

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12
Q

Define skeletal formula.

A

Uses lines to represent bonds, each point represents a C atom.

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13
Q

What is not usually shown in a skeletal formula? When are they shown?

A

H atoms and bonds, unless part of a functional group.

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14
Q

What is always shown in a skeletal formula?

A

Other atoms, eg. O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, S.

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15
Q

Prefix for 1 carbon atoms.

A

Meth-

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16
Q

Prefix for 2 carbon atoms.

A

Eth-

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17
Q

Prefix for 3 carbon atoms.

A

Prop-

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18
Q

Prefix for 4 carbon atoms.

A

But-

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19
Q

Prefix for 5 carbon atoms.

A

Pent-

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20
Q

Prefix for 6 carbon atoms.

A

Hex-

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21
Q

Prefix for 7 carbon atoms.

A

Hept-

22
Q

Prefix for 8 carbon atoms.

A

Oct-

23
Q

Prefix for 9 carbon atoms.

A

Non-

24
Q

Prefix for 10 carbon atoms.

A

Dec-

25
Q

What do we put between numbers in nomaneclature?

A

Commas.

26
Q

What do we put between numbers and words in nomenaclature?

A

Hyphens.

27
Q

What name of alkane group is CH3-

A

Methyl

28
Q

What name of alkane group is CH3CH2-

A

Ethyl

29
Q

What name of alkane group is CH3CH2CH2-

A

Propyl

30
Q

What name of alkane group is CH3CH2CH2Ch2-

A

Butyl

31
Q

What is the prefix for 2 identical alkane groups?

A

Di-

32
Q

What is the prefix for 3 identical alkane groups?

A

Tri-

33
Q

What is the prefix for 4 identical alkane groups?

A

Tetra-

34
Q

What is the prefix for 5 identical alkane groups?

A

Penta-

35
Q

What is the prefix for 6 identical alkane groups?

A

Hexa-

36
Q

What is the prefix for fluorine?

A

Fluoro-

37
Q

What is the prefix for chlorine?

A

Chloro-

38
Q

What is the prefix for bromine?

A

Bromo-

39
Q

What is the prefix for iodine?

A

Iodo-

40
Q

Define addition reaction.

A

Reaction where a molecule joins to an unsaturated molecule to produce a saturated molecule.

41
Q

Define aliphatic.

A

Organic compounds containing C chains and branches.

42
Q

Define aromatic.

A

Organic compounds containing one or more benzene rings.

43
Q

Define carbocation.

A

A positive ion with the positive charge on a C atom.

44
Q

Define cyclic.

A

Organic compounds containing C rings.

45
Q

Define dehydration.

A

Elimination of water.

46
Q

Define dehydrogenation.

A

Elimination of hydrogen.

47
Q

Define electrophile.

A

Lone pair acceptor.

48
Q

Define elimination reaction.

A

Reaction where a molecule is lost from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule.

49
Q

Define free radical.

A

Species with an unpaired electron.

50
Q

Define functional group.

A

The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule.

51
Q

Define homologous series.

A

A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties. In a series, each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties.

A Level Chemistry (26 decks)

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