3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Define molecular formula.

Answer 1

Formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Question 2

Define empirical formula.

Answer 2

Formula that gives the simple ratio of each element in a compound.

Question 3

Define structural formula.

Answer 3

Shows the number of atoms joined together in a molecule.

Question 4

Define displayed formula.

Answer 4

Shows all the atoms and all the bonds in a molecule.

Question 5

Define functional group.

Answer 5

The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions in a molecule.

Question 6

Define homologous series.

Answer 6

A family of compounds with the same general formula and the same chemical properties. In a series, each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties.

Question 7

What is the order for the number of carbons forming the root of the name?

Answer 7

Mr Ellerington Probably Bums Penguins Hard. Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex (, hept, oct, non, dec).

Question 8

What gives the suffix for a name? Give an example.

Answer 8

The principal functional group, eg. C-H is alkane, suffix is -ane.

Question 9

How should you number the carbons?

Answer 9

From the end that puts the principal functional group on the lowest number carbon.

Question 10

What gives the prefix of the name?

Answer 10

Any additional functional groups and side-chains/

Question 11

What is the order of sidechains?

Answer 11

Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl.

Question 12

What are the prefixes if there are more than one of each side-chain?

Answer 12

Di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa.

Question 13

When a hydrogen is replaced by a F, CL, Br or I what is the prefix?

Answer 13

Fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo.

Question 14

What order do side-chain prefixes go?

Answer 14

Alphabetical.

Question 15

Define structural isomer.

Answer 15

Isomers with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 16

Define stereoisomerism.

Answer 16

Isomers have the same molecular formula and structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space.

Question 17

Give an example of two stereoisomers.

Answer 17

CH3 H CH3 CH3
| | | |
C - C and C - C
| | | |
H CH3 H H
(E) (Z)

Question 18

Give an example of two chain structural isomers of pentane and name them.

Answer 18

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 and CH3
(Pentane) |
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
(2-methylbutane)

Question 19

What is a chain isomer?

Answer 19

The carbon chain is different (rearranging the carbon skeleton).

Question 20

What is a position isomer?

Answer 20

Functional groups can be in different positions on the same carbon chain resulting in isomers (same carbon chain, same functional group).

Question 21

Draw and name two position isomers of 1,1-dichloropentane.

Answer 21

Cl H H Cl H H
| | | | | |
H-C-C-C-H and H-C-C-C-H
| | | | | |
Cl H H H Cl H
(1,1-dichloropropane) (1,2-dichloropropane)

Question 22

What does E mean in E-Z isomerism?

Answer 22

Entgegen (highest priority oppsoite). Enemies >:(.

Question 23

What does Z mean in E-Z isomerism?

Answer 23

Zusammen (highest priority together). Zame zide.

Question 24

What are the E-Z assigned tby

Answer 24

The priority of groups attached to the C=C (higher the atomic number, higher the priority).