3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define molecular formula.
Formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
Define empirical formula.
Formula that gives the simple ratio of each element in a compound.
Define structural formula.
Shows the number of atoms joined together in a molecule.
Define displayed formula.
Shows all the atoms and all the bonds in a molecule.
Define functional group.
The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions in a molecule.
Define homologous series.
A family of compounds with the same general formula and the same chemical properties. In a series, each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties.
What is the order for the number of carbons forming the root of the name?
Mr Ellerington Probably Bums Penguins Hard. Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex (, hept, oct, non, dec).
What gives the suffix for a name? Give an example.
The principal functional group, eg. C-H is alkane, suffix is -ane.
How should you number the carbons?
From the end that puts the principal functional group on the lowest number carbon.
What gives the prefix of the name?
Any additional functional groups and side-chains/
What is the order of sidechains?
Methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl.
What are the prefixes if there are more than one of each side-chain?
Di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa.
When a hydrogen is replaced by a F, CL, Br or I what is the prefix?
Fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo.
What order do side-chain prefixes go?
Alphabetical.
Define structural isomer.
Isomers with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
Define stereoisomerism.
Isomers have the same molecular formula and structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space.
Give an example of two stereoisomers.
CH3 H CH3 CH3
| | | |
C - C and C - C
| | | |
H CH3 H H
(E) (Z)
Give an example of two chain structural isomers of pentane and name them.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 and CH3
(Pentane) |
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
(2-methylbutane)
What is a chain isomer?
The carbon chain is different (rearranging the carbon skeleton).
What is a position isomer?
Functional groups can be in different positions on the same carbon chain resulting in isomers (same carbon chain, same functional group).
Draw and name two position isomers of 1,1-dichloropentane.
Cl H H Cl H H
| | | | | |
H-C-C-C-H and H-C-C-C-H
| | | | | |
Cl H H H Cl H
(1,1-dichloropropane) (1,2-dichloropropane)
What does E mean in E-Z isomerism?
Entgegen (highest priority oppsoite). Enemies >:(.
What does Z mean in E-Z isomerism?
Zusammen (highest priority together). Zame zide.
What are the E-Z assigned tby
The priority of groups attached to the C=C (higher the atomic number, higher the priority).
