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History GCSE paper 1 > Paper 1- sectionA- Part 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1- sectionA- Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Kaiser Wilhelmina II come to the throne?

A

1888

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2
Q

Who did he dismiss in 1890?

A

The old chancellor, Otto Von Bismarck

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3
Q

What is a consituition?

A

A set of rules by which a country is governed

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4
Q

What were Germany’s highly successful industries ?

A 
Coal
Argriculture 
Iron
Steel 
Textiles 
Chemicals
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5
Q

In 1871 what did the German Government consist of?

A

The Kasier and his ministers

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6
Q

What was the job of the Ministers?

A

They ran the government departments and advised the kasier

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7
Q

What was the kaisers job?

A

He was in control over appointing and dismissing ministers and the Chancellor

Supreme commander of the army

Decided Foreign Policy

To dissolve the Reichstag

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8
Q

Why was the Reichstag not very powerful ?

A

Because it did not form the government

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9
Q

What were the main political parties in Germany?

A

Conservative

Free conservative

National liberal

Progressive

Center

Socialist

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10
Q

Who were the conservatives ?

A

Landowners and Prussian Junkers

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11
Q

Who were the free conservative?

A

Rich businessmen

Industrialists

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12
Q

Who were the National Liberal?

A

Middle class who supported government

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13
Q

Who were the progressive party?

A

Middle class who wanted democracy

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14
Q

Who were the center Party?

A

Catholics

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15
Q

Who were the socialists ?

A

Working class

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16
Q

In the early years of Wilhelmina reign who had the majority in the Reichstag?

A

Right wing parties

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17
Q

After 1912 who became the largest party and what did this lead to?

A

SPD- socialists party

Lead to the government found more difficult to control the Reichstag so they decided to ignore it

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18
Q

How was the German Empire created?

A

By three victories

Denmark 1964

Austria 1866

France 1871

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19
Q

What was the largest and wealthiest most powerful party of the German states ?

A

Prussia

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20
Q

Who was the biggest party in the Reichstag in 1912

A

Anti-socialists legislation

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21
Q

What was a way the working class were able to organise themselves and express their opinions ?

A

Trade unions

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22
Q

What did the Kaisers idea that Germany was destined to become and world power develop into ?

A

Weltpolitk

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23
Q

What was very crucial to Weltpolitik ?

A

Expansion of the Navy

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24
Q

What was formed in 1898 which put pressure on the government to expand the navy?

A

Navy league

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25
Q

When was the first navy law passed by the Reichstag ?

A

1898

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26
Q

By Germany expanding their navy how did this anger Britain ?

A

Because they wanted to retain their two power standard out of splendid isolation and contributed to the outbreak of WW1

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27
Q

When did Germany surrender from WW1?

A

11th November 1918?

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28
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles lead to Germany losing

A

Alsace and Lorraine

Land to Poland

Land to Belgium and Denmark

All African colonies

The Saar coal region to the League of Nations for 15 years

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29
Q

Who did Germany lose Alsace and Lorraine to ?

A

France

30
Q

What happened to Germany War forces ?

A

Army were only allow d 100,000 with no conscription

6 battleships for navy

No Air Force

31
Q

What happened to the Rhineland due to the Treatu of Versailles ?

A

Demilitarised with allies occupying the West Bank if he Rhône for 15 years

32
Q

What was banned due to the Treatu of Versailles? I’m

A

Anschluss

33
Q

What was the Wat Guilt Clause?

A

What Germany had to sign which said they would take full blame for the war staring

34
Q

How much are the Reparations that the Treaty of Versailles made Germany pay? Who did they have to pay them to?

A

£6,600 million

To Britain, France, Belgium

35
Q

What did Germany hope the Treaty of Versailles was based on?

A

President Wilson’s Fourteen points

36
Q

What did Germany regard the Treaty of Versailles as?

A

Diktat which means dictates peace

37
Q

Who were blamed for signing the Armistice and what were they called?

A

The new Weimar politicians

The November criminals

38
Q

What did the German economy accept the Treaty as ?

A

Stab in the back theory

39
Q

Why did Germany have no other choice by to sign the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Because they were in no condition to restart the war

40
Q

Until 1918 what did Germany function as ?

A

Autocracy

41
Q

When did the Kaiser flee to the Netherlands ?

A

November 9 1918

42
Q

Who was a provisional government formed under due to the Kaisers abdication ?

A

Freidrich Ebert

43
Q

Who was the constitution agreed by and when?

A

The new government in early 1919

44
Q

What were the weakness of democracy under Weimar Republic

A

System of PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION- allowed small parties to gain representation

PRESIDENT- too powerful

45
Q

What were the challenges the Weimar Republic had to have between 1919-1923 ?

A

Server food shortages

Fuel shortages

The returning soilders who had no jobs

Spanish flu outbreak who killed millions

46
Q

When was the Spartacists rising?

A

January 1919

47
Q

Who were the Spartacists ?

A

Communists group led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburgués

48
Q

What did the Spartacists aim to do?

A

Carry out a revolution in Germany

Set up workers councils

49
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

March 1920

50
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch?

A

Extreme right wing rising by 5,00 members of they Freikorps led by Dr Wolfgang Kapp

Seized governments in Berlin and supported by the Berlin Police

Defeated by general strike

51
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

November 1923

52
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

Another attack from the extreme right wing

53
Q

What was the Munich Putsch also known as ?

A

Beer Hall Putsch

54
Q

What happened in the Munich Putsch ?

A

Hitler though that Nazis were strong enough to overthrow German Government

He used his own troops and SA to seize some government offices but they were recaptured

Hitler and Lundendoff marched with nazis to the center of Munich - some nazis along with Hitler and Lundendoff were arrested

This was the end of the Putsch

55
Q

What did Hitler write due to him being arrested because of the Munich Putsch?

A

Mein Kampft

56
Q

What were the long term causes of Hiper inflation ?

A

WORLD WAR ONE- prices kept on rising

MONEY BORROWED BY GOVERNMENT- they could not repay depts due to reparations

Coal and steel payments

57
Q

What were the immediate but short term causes of hyperinflation?

A

GOVERNMENT PRINTED MORE MONEY- the money value fell and prices rose

FRENCH INVASION- they invaded the Ruhr which causes strikes

58
Q

Explain the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

When Germany could not pay back reparations this angered the French

The invaded the war as they thought Germany could repay them in raw materials

But Germany came together and ordered passive resistance

The French tried to bring their own workers but they were not allowed in - this lead to major violence

59
Q

What is Passive resistance ?

A

The Germán workers did not violence co operation and went on strike

60
Q

What did the Occupation of the Ruhr lead to?

A

Higher inflation

61
Q

What were the Effects of higher inflation ?

A

Price of money fell

Prices of food rose

Savings became worthless

Debt payments did not change

62
Q

What was the period of 1924- 29 known as ?

A

The Golden Age

63
Q

Im August 1923 who was Germany’s new government formed under ?

A

Gustav Stresemann

64
Q

What was Stressemans roles in 1923?

A

He was a chancellor from Augusta to November

Then

A Foregin Minister until October 1929

65
Q

Who did the most to bring about Germany’s economic recovery after 1923?

A

Gustav Streseman

66
Q

What did Stresemann do to bring German economic recovery ?

A

Immediately called of passive resistance

Dropped money printing

Produced the new currency Rentenmark

67
Q

What made reparations easier to pay?

A

The Dawes plan which led to Germany being able to pay what they were able to

68
Q

Explain the Dawes plan?

A

USA would lend money to Germany

Germany would pay off France

France would pay USA

69
Q

When was the Lacarno Treaties ?

A

1925

70
Q

What did the Locarno Treaty do?

A

Changed the Treaty of Versailles

France agreed not to invade the Ruhr

71
Q

What was the conclusion of the Golden age?

A

Germany were not experiencing prosperity and stability . They had become politically stable. End to unrest and the Weimar Republic had hope of survival.

72
Q

What were the bad things that were still around during the Golden Age?

A

Imports were rising faster than exports which lost them trading

Farmers incomes were declining

American loans were relied on too much so when they were no longer, Germany started to suffer

When Ebert died Hindenburg replaced him but he opposed to the new republic

History GCSE paper 1 (6 decks)

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