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History GCSE paper 1 > Paper 1-Section B- Part 2 > Flashcards

Paper 1-Section B- Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did the battle of the Marne start?

A

French forces returning from the failure own their own Plan Seventeen in Alsace and Lorraine

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2
Q

How did the Germans alter the Schlieffen plan?

A

Instead of going west and encircling Paris there would now be a hammer blow attack on the city

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3
Q

What happen in the battle of the Marne?

A

A decisive battle took place at the Marne

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4
Q

When was the battle of the Marne?

A

5th -11th September 1914

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5
Q

During the battle of the Marne what was happening to the Germans?

A

They were tired

Struggling to keep the troops supplied

Got pushed back by Britain and France to the River Aisne

They dug trenches at the River Aisne

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6
Q

What happened after the battle of the Marne?

A

Both sides went northwards in an attempt to outflank each other.

Britain haunted Germany at Ypres

Britain could still going access to the channel ports meaning France and then could still be supplied with food

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7
Q

When did Stalemate set in?

A

After the failure of the Race to the channel

Both sides were digging trenches defender by guns and barbed wire

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8
Q

What was the western front?

A

Key battle zone of WWI

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9
Q

What the war of attrition ?

A

Stationary war with very little movement

Meaning wearing down the Enemy’s resistance

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10
Q

What did Trench warfare change?

A

The role of the infantry

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11
Q

What were the 3 attacks that would take place?

A

An artillery barrage

Barrage ended

Plan for infantry

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12
Q

What was an artillery barrage?

A

Artillery guns behind the front line would bombard the enermy

Could last for hours or days

Aim to smash enemy trenches

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13
Q

What would happen when the barrage ended?

A

Infantry would’ve sent over the top of the trench and advance into no mans land carrying heavy equipment

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14
Q

What was the plan for infantry ?

A

To overpower the remaining enemy soilders and capture their trenches

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15
Q

Did any of the attacks on the western front work ?

A

Artillery bombardment did not work because trenches were dug well and bombardment was not accurate enough

Infantry in no mans land worked because the enemy’s were an easy target with machine guns and they used the cross technique

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16
Q

What are the main causes of wounds to British troops

A

Shell

Rifle

Bomb

Baynoet

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17
Q

Where and when were tanks first used ?

A

Battle of the Somme

November 1916

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18
Q

Why was there no changes in tactics during WW1?

A

Because generals believed that there was no other way of fighting and the enemy would eventually wear down.

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19
Q

Explain what a trench was like?

A

2 m deep supported by sand bags

Bottom lines with duck boards

Dugout bunkers in the back

The were not straight but zig zag to prevent enemies from firing straight down

The fronts were filled with barbed wire

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20
Q

What was the accommodation like on the front line?

A

It was only a joke dug in the side of a trench

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21
Q

What was the routine work on the front line?

A

Digging, repairing trenches and barbed wire

Collecting men from no mans land

Getting equipment from support trenches

Listening through saps

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22
Q

What was the job of a sapper?

A

Miner or engineers who would dig tunnels below ni mans land and attempt to plant explosives

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23
Q

What was the sanitation like on the front line?

A

Unwashed men and horses

Sewage’s

Rotting corpses

In summer the soilders were infested with lice

Trench foot occurred

Rats

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24
Q

What did the soilders eat on the front line?

A

Bread

Biscuits

Tinned billy beef

Tea

25
Q

What did the terrible conditions cause?

A

A massive fall in morale occurred and the men’s mindset changed

26
Q

When was the battle of verdun?

A

Feb - September 1916

27
Q

What was the Battle of Verdun?

A

Germany’s offensive designed to breakthrough at Verdun and open the way to Paris

They were going to bleed the French white

28
Q

Describe the events of the battle of Verdun

A

German began shelling the city on February 21st 1916

French used many men and resources trying to battle

29
Q

What were the results of the battle of Verdun

A

The city was In ruins but Germany had not broke through

Both sides suffered but the French were near breaking point

30
Q

When was the Somme Offensive

A

July - November 1916

31
Q

What was the Somme Offensive for?

A

French pressed Britain into launching the offensive in order to divert Germany from Verdun.

32
Q

Who planned the offensive and who was involved ?

A

Planned by Haig

Involved Kitcheners army

33
Q

Explain the events of the Somme

A

There was a 5 day bombardment of German Trenches, but this had no effect as the Germans were expecting it

The Germans had withdrawn from the front line and dug new trenches further back even deeper

July1- OFFENSIVE BEGAN -> involving 13 divisions going over the top , they were told to walk slowly as it was expected that German positions would have been destroyed

34
Q

What were the results of the Somme Offesive ?

A

1st DAY-> Thousands of British troops were killed or injured but Haig still ordered more attacks with the same result.

SEPTEMBER - 50 tanks were sent into battle most broke down or got stuck

END- Britain and France put together had more casualties than German and had only advanced 9 miles

35
Q

What was the battle of Passchendale?

A

Third battle of the Ypres

Passchendale was situated on an important ridge east of Ypres

It was an attempt for the British to capture the southern and eastern ridges break the Ypres salient and capture the German submarine base

36
Q

How and when did the battle of Passchendale begin?

A

July 1917

British exploded mines simultaneously destroying German artillery positions and killing soilders

37
Q

What was the result of the German bombardment at Passchendale?

A

Failed to destroy German defended which increased difficulty of an infantry advance over a flat plain

38
Q

Why was the advance towards Passchendale impossible ?

A

Because due to heavy rain there was mud everywhere and it became so deep that men and horses were drowning in it

39
Q

How and when was the village of Passchendale captured?

A

By the British and Canadian forced on November 6th

40
Q

What was the result of the battle of Passchendale?

A

Ypres salient became larger

German position on the Belgian coast were not reached

Haig was strongly criticised due to his tactics with very little gain

41
Q

When was the battle of Gallipoli?

A

1915

42
Q

What was Gallipoli ?

A

A peninsula situated on the Dardanelles straits which provided access to the Black Sea from the Mediterranean

43
Q

Who’s idea was it to have an attack of Gallipoli?

A

It was pressed on the British Government by Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George

44
Q

What was the plan of Gallipoli?

A

Make a break through at Gallipoli which would enable he allies to provide support for the Russians on the eastern front

This would force Germany to divert their troops from the western front

45
Q

What are the events of the attack of Gallipoli?

A

MARCH 1915- British warships bombarded the Turkish first along the Dardanelles straits

APRIL 1915- a force of British, French, Anzacs troops landed on helles beach. Turks with German reinforments had dug themselves trenches on the beach cliffs

November- harsh winter had set in. Soilders were not very equipped some died of frost bite

DECEMBER- withdrawal was made the only people who succeeded were the submarines

46
Q

What was the British strategy for the war at sea?

A

DEFENSIVE

  • guarded the British coast against attacks by German ships
  • Transport troops across the Channel
  • Protect merchant shipping supplies

OFFENSIVE

  • Blockaded ports to send Germans into starvation
  • Prevent merchant ships from reaching German ports
  • intercept German ships and steal good
  • patrol north seas for battle
47
Q

What were German strategy’s for the war at sea?

A

-Keep British Navy at sea
-Ocassionally leave ports and shell British coat
-

48
Q

What was the only major sea battle of war?

A

Battle of Jutland

49
Q

When was the Battle of Jutland ?

A

May 1916

50
Q

What happened the battle of Jutland?

A

The British fleet and German fleet were put on sea

A clash occurred

51
Q

Why did the Clash occur at the battle of Jutland?

A

The Germans had better ships, guns, heavier, armour and overall better equipment

52
Q

What were the results of the Battle of Jutland?

A

Both sides claimed victory

GERMANY- sank more ships and caused the British navy to stay in North Sea for the rest of war without being able to protect ships in the Atlantic

BRITISH- German ships went and remained in the port allowing British to continue blockade

53
Q

How did the Germans operate their u boat campaign?

A

From the North Sea coats and their ports occupied Belgium

The boats attacked the British ships carrying food and war materials

54
Q

When did Germany adopt unrestricted u boat ware fare?

A

February 1915

55
Q

What did unrestricted u boat ware fare mean?

A

They would sink all ships approaching Britain

It was bad because some ships that were sunk e.g Lusitania which did not contain any war materials

56
Q

What did the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 lead to?

A

U boat ware fare being dropped

57
Q

When did unrestricted u boat ware fare resume ?

A

January 1917?

58
Q

What problems did Britain face dure to unrestricted u boat warrfare ?

A

They only had 6 weeks of food left

Rationing has to be introduced

59
Q

What were the results of unrestricted u boat warfare?

A

25% of merchant ships were lost

132 u boats were destroyed

Convoy system and mines saved Britain from defeat

History GCSE paper 1 (6 decks)

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