Paper 1-Section A-Part 3 Flashcards
How did unemployment fall so quickly in Germany?
- finances to fund a huge programme of work creations were organised
- Motorways were built allowing people to get to jobs
- Nazi Party and SA provided Jobs
- Young men were required to do 6 months work on practical projects > even though it didn’t pay very much this reduced unemployment
- Conscriptions were introduced
- increase in military expenditure
What are conscription ?
Compulsory military services
What groups were not involved in the number of people who were unemployed ? And what happened to them
Jews -> forced out of jobs but were not counted as unemployed
Women-> they were said they had to raise a family and marry
Opponents of the Nazis-> they were held in concentration camps and were not counted as unemployed
What did Hilter launch in 1936 and what did this state?
It was a 4 year plan where he ordered German economy and armed forces to be read for war by 1940
What 2 organisations did the Geraman Labour Front set up and what did they aim to do?
- BEAUTY LABOUR-> aimed to improve conditions so people would be prepared to work extra hours without higher pay
- STRENGTH THROUGH JOY-> to intended to keep the workforce happy by providing leisure programmes
- GIVE WORKERS CHEAP CARS-> by hire purchase schemes
What scheme failed for workers ?
The one to provide a worker with a cheap car due to the Volkswagen factory no longer making cars
What did Hitler introduce in order to help Farmers ?
REICH FOOD ESTATE-> have them a guaranteed market and prices for their goods
REICH ENTAILED FARM LAW-> protect them against bank seizing their land if they could not pay loans or mortgages
How did the Reich food estate Fail for farmers?
Banks became unwilling to lend money
When did shortages become more common in Germany ?
Summer 1941
How was the Germany economy from 1939-1942?
It was good, moral was very high and the people were not suffering very much.
Goods were taken from occupied countries
Working conditions changed
Women worked in war industries
When did the morale fall and why?
From 1942 onwards
Due to allies beginning counter attack
Postal services were suspended, letter boxes closed
Entertainment was gone
Massive food shortages
When did Air raids on German cities begin?
1940
But 1942 onwards they became heavier and more frequent
What did the bombing do to Germany ?
Destroyed factories
Transport systems
Food shortages
Material shortages
How did the support for Nazis fall ?
After the 2 years of high moral but when things started getting worse e.g bombing and the city state people where cynical about the propaganda
What did Nazis promote as the view of woman?
They should be wives and mothered and kept this up as the woman were taking over Lena jobs
What measures did Nazis introduce in order to stop birth rates falling ?
- INTEREST FREE LOANS-> to young married couples but only if wives gave up work // the loan was ridged every time a child was born
- MEDELS- woman who had 8 children were given them
- LAW AGAINST ABORTION
- MATERNITY HOMES-> to make ur Aryan race existed, Aryan mothered were matched with SS men
- WONAN WERE SACKED-> for example doctors and civil Servando
Why were the rules by the Nazis to keep up the Aryan race not always successful ?
- People became unable to afford a house
- work shortages developed
When was education first controlled in Nazi Germany and why?
From the moment the children started school so that they learnt all the Nazi beliefs
How were all the schools changed so that the children could learn the Nazi beliefs?
Textbooks were rewritten so they contained the beliefs
They were taught the Nazi version of the past
Nazi ideas were even in math books
What were boys taught in school ?
Military skills and acceptance of war
What was the main thing woman were taught in school ?
Motherhood, housekeeping and cookery
What were children taught outside of school in Nazi germany ?
Nazi beliefs
They were given lots of physical exercise and training
What was the swing movement ?
Made up of middle class teenagers who went to parties and listening to English band American music but the Nazis had banned this.
Jews were accepted here.
What was the Edelweiss Pirates?
Working class teenagers in the Rhineland and Ruhr areas
Changed music to Mock Nazi Germany
Attached Hitlers youth groups
What religions did Hitler try to appeal to and why?
Protestants and Catholics
Due to them both being strong in different parts of Germany
What did the Catholic Church do which made them involved with the Nazis?
They signed an agreement with the Nazi authorities. However Hitler interfered more and more in the church.
Catholic youth league broke up
Catholic school were changed to Nazi schools- religious teaching were banned
Priests and nuns were arrested
What agreement did the Protestants get into with the Nazis and what were they expected to do?
The Nazis grouped them into Reich Church
Expected to wear uniforms
What did Hitler believe as the true Germans ?
Aryan race
What did Hitler make the Jews do in 1933?
Give up positions of importance
When did Anti Jewish propaganda increase
1934
What were the 2 laws passed in September 1935 that were against the Jews?
LAW OF PROTECTION OF GERMAN BLOOD AND HONOUR- banned marriages between Jews and on Jews
REICH CITIZENSHIP LAW- made Jews subjects rather than citizens so they lost legal rights
When were many Jewish businesses seized by the Nazis ?
September 1937
When were Jewish doctors and dentists, lawyers forbidden to treat Aryans?
June- July 1938
When did the Jews have to have a red letter j stamped on their passports ?
October 1938
When were the first mass of Jewish men and boys sent to concentration camps ?
March 1939
Who else were persecuted along with the Jews ?
Gypsies
Tramps
Beggars
People with physical disabilities
People with mental problems
What were mass rallies ?
Best form of propaganda, with shows to show the power and achievements of the Nazis
Involved army parades, music, bands, choirs, speeches and gymnastics displays
How did Hilter use the Berlin olympics of 1936 to propose propaganda?
He showed off his Aryan Race
Nazi symbols were displayed everywhere
What was censorship?
The control of information by the government
How did the Nazis use the press to spread ideas ?
Only Nazi fun newspapers were allowed
How did the Nazis use the Radio to spread ideas?
All other radio stations were closed down and one was used for propaganda purposes
Cheap radios were made so everyone could buy one
Cafés had radios turned on along with schools and factories
What did Hitler transform Germany into and what did this mean?
A totalitarian state
Meaning a state that allows no rivals or oppositions to the ruler and his partic
What were the tasks of the SS and the Gestapo?
For hunting down anyone who was critical of it hostile to the rule of the Nazis.
Who were the White rose group?
Non-violent, intellectual resistance group.
Who were the White rose group led by?
Hans and Sophie Scholl
What did the White Rose group become known for ?
Anonymous leaflets and graffiti ti campaign
How did the White Rose group still succeed even though most of them were killed?
Their last leaflet was smuggled to allies who edited it and dropped millions of colours over Germany
What is the best know plots to assassinate Hitler ?
Stauffenberg Bomb Plot 1944
Who was the leader of the Stauffenburg Bomb Plot?
Colonel Claus Von stauffenberg
What did the Stauffenberg Bomb plot involve ?
Assassination of Hitler
Mobilisation of army
Arrest Nazi groups - Gestapo
What did the Stauffenberg Bomb Plot consist of?
He placed a brief case under a conference table very close to hitler -> he left the room when someone moved the brief case -> when the bomb went off he thought everyone was killed but most people survived -> even hitler who hid under a table leg
