Paper 1- Section B- Part 1 Flashcards
Who were the main powers in Europe in 1914?
Britain
France
Russia
Germany
Austria Hungary
Italy
Why did people believe there should be an alliance system ?
They believed that maintaining the balance of powers would reduce tension
If they had nearly the same strengths there would be less danger
Who made up the Triple Alliance ?
Germany
Austria Hungary
Italy
How was the Triple Alliance formed ?
Germany and Austria Hungary formed a Dual alliance in 1879
Italy joined in 1882
What agreement did the Triple Alliance have?
A military agreement meaning that they would help the other if it was attacked
Who made up the Triple Entente?
Britain
France
Russia
How was the Triple Entente formed ?
1904- Britain and France formed the Anglo French Entente
1907- Britain and Russia formed the Anglo Russian Entente
What was the agreement of the Triple Entente ?
They did not form a military agreement because Britain did not want to be committed to war
When was the Moroccan Crises ?
1905/1911
What happened in 1905 to start the Moroccan Crises ?
The Kasier was not happy with the Anglo French Entente
He wanted to make a situation in Morocco to provoke a crisis hoping Britain would abandon France
This however failed as Britain supported France so the French did not lose any control over Morocco
This left Germany feeling encircled any the only had Austria Hungary to support them
What happened in 1911 for the Moroccan Crises?
Germany was angry about how Frances influences grew over Morocco
France sent 20,000 troops to the Moroccan capital to rebel against the sultan
France and Britain stood up the Germany, this is where France gained total control of Morocco
Germany were not happy so they sent a gunboat to Agadir
What were the results of the Moroccan Crises?
Germany was left feeling humiliated as they had to back down.
Britain and Frances friendship grew and they both agreed that they should not trust Germany
Britain and France made an agreement hat the French would patron the Mediterranean which Britain defends Frances Atlantic and North Sea coasts
What were the Balkans also known as?
Power key
What was the Balkans?
Very poor area of south Easter Europe
How did the weak Turkish Ottoman Empire suffer ?
They suffered from increasing corruption and the raise of nationalism among the countries it controlled call the sick man of Europe
What did Germany want to do around the balkans ?
Build a railway to the east
How did Austria Hungary want influence or the Balkans ?
They want to stop Serbia storing up the Salvia people. The Slavs wanted independence and hopped Serbia would help them
How did Russia want influence over the Balkans ?
It wanted seas access from the black seas to the Mediterranean through straits controlled by the Turkish Empire
What happened in the Balkans in 1908?
Bosnian Crisis
Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina
Describe the Bosnian Crisis?
Trijet was faced with a revolution by the Young Turks - > this was a distraction which allowed Austria Hungary to enter the Balkans and annex Bosnia- Herzegovina
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The Kaiser was annoyed that Austria -Hungary has annexed without consulting him ->
Even though this happened Germany still supported Austria Hungary so Russia had to back down
Russia felt humiliated
What were the results of the Bosnian Crisis?
Austria Hungary were confident that Germany would support them in the future
Britain/ France and Russia became closer through their mutual fear and mistrust of Germany
Serbia were forced to accept the Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia due to them having a really small army
What happened in the 1st Balkan War in 1912?
4 Balkan countries Serbia, Montenegro , Greece and Bulgaria attacked Turkey
Turkey were defeated in 50 days
When did the second Balkan war take place ?
1913
What happened in the second Balkan War?
Bulgaria attacked Serbia
But Bulgaria were defeated by Serbia and they double and became the strongest state in the Balkans
What were the results of the Balkans wars?
Any disbute between the two alliances would end up in a massive war.
Austria Hungary had Germany’s support and Serbia had Russia’s support
Austria Hungary and Serbia seen each other as a direct threat
When and why did the Germany government start building up their navy?
After 1897
To challenge the British Navy
What did the Kaiser follow in the Anglo German rivalry and what did this mean?
He followed the risk theory meaning that Germany had to build a big enough navy that the British navy would stay in port and would not risk battle
When did Britain start to become suspicious of Germany Risk Theory?
1909
How was Germany’s battle tactics developing ?
They had a large army and if they also had a large navy they would be the strongest and a potential threats
What rule did Britain follow which also contributed towards the Anglo - German Rivalry ?
Two power standard
Meaning to have a navy stranger then the two strongest navies in Europe
What did Britain build allowing her to increase her navy and when did she build this ?
In 1906 she build the Dreadnaught
How did Germany respond to Britain building this new ship ?
They decided they would build something very similar and so they battles to see how many could be built
What did the British Government try and decide in 1909 but Instead the public said something else ?
They were trying to because weather they should build 4 or 6 dreadnaughts but the public said ‘We want 8 and we won’t wait’
When did the naval race become less intense and why?
After 1911 because Britain built mor Drednaughts
What was the Significance of the naval race?
The relationship between Britain and Germany worsened, when crises occurred it was hard to make negotiations between the two nations.
Britain and France became more close due to this and it was sure they would both fight against Germany if war broke out
Between when and when did Europe’s mainland powers increased the size of their armies?
1900-14
Who were the black hand gang organised and controlled by?
Serbia by the head of the Serbian military intelligence
When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated ?
June 28th 1914
Explain how the Archduke was assassinated ?
Him and his wife visited Sarajevo to watch the Austrian army manoeuvres.
The open top car was travelling when it was hit by a bomb which bounced off his car and wounded a car behind
The Archduke went to visit the wounded In hospital
When he leaves the hospital the car route is changed and the driver gets confused and takes a wrong turn
Gavrilo Princip (a black hand member) was sitting In a shop when he seen the car taking a wrong turn, he found his chance to assassinate him.
He shouts Ferdinand and his wife in point blank range
What is the term used to describe the procedures which took place between Europe’s main powers between the assassination and the outbreak of war?
July Crisis
Who got blamed for the assassination?
The Serbs government even though there was no evidence
They got blamed because they were still angry with Austria Hungary as they were still recovering from the Balkans wars
How and when did The Kaiser give Austria Hungary help ?
July 6th through a blank cheque
What happened on July 23rd between Austria Hungary and Serbia ?
Austria Hungary send them a 10 point ultimatum to which they had to respond in 2 days
Serbia accepted the ultimatum as it would mean that a hostile foreign country would be influencing its league system
What did Austria Hungary’s Ultimatum consist of?
Very harsh demand
Austria Hungary’s officials to be allowed into Serbia to attest those responsible for the assassination
What happened on July 28th ?
Due to Serbia not accepting the ultimatum in full Austria Hungary declared war and invaded Serbia
How did Serbia react to Austria Hungary invading them ?
They asked Russia for help.
Russia were worried to prevent Austrian expansion into the Balkans and so they mobilised on July 30th
How did Germany react to Russia mobilising ?
They ordered them to stop and when Russia didn’t they declared war on August 1
How did France react to Germany declaring war on August 1st?
They began to mobilise their army
When was the Schlieffen plan drawn up ?
1905
Who was the Schlieffen plan drawn up by ?
German army Chief of Staff, Count Alfred con Schlieffen
Why was the Schlieffen plan drawn up?
Because Germany though that if they became involved in war they would be fighting against France and Russia
So they wanted to avoid a war on two fronts
What was the actual Schlieffen Plan ?
To defeat FRANCE in 5-6 week because they believe it would take Russia 8 weeks to mobilise due to the poor conditions
France was gonna be attacked through Belgium and Paris from the north
What did the who Schlieffen plan depend upon?
The Army defeating their opponents and speed
Explain the plan in Action?
AUGUST 3rd- Germany declared war on France
AUGUST 4th-Germany invaded Belgium to allow her to attack France -> Britain then became involved due to the Treaty of London
MIDNIGHT AUGUST 4th- Britain declared war on Germany
Why did the Schlieffen plan fail?
- Belgium were better then planned
- Belgian resistance won giving Britain and France time to mobilise
- Britain used rifles very effectively
- Russia mobilised quicker than expected we began attacking Germany from the east
