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History GCSE paper 1 > Paper 1- Section B- Part 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1- Section B- Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the main powers in Europe in 1914?

A

Britain

France

Russia

Germany

Austria Hungary

Italy

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2
Q

Why did people believe there should be an alliance system ?

A

They believed that maintaining the balance of powers would reduce tension

If they had nearly the same strengths there would be less danger

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3
Q

Who made up the Triple Alliance ?

A

Germany

Austria Hungary

Italy

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4
Q

How was the Triple Alliance formed ?

A

Germany and Austria Hungary formed a Dual alliance in 1879

Italy joined in 1882

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5
Q

What agreement did the Triple Alliance have?

A

A military agreement meaning that they would help the other if it was attacked

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6
Q

Who made up the Triple Entente?

A

Britain

France

Russia

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7
Q

How was the Triple Entente formed ?

A

1904- Britain and France formed the Anglo French Entente

1907- Britain and Russia formed the Anglo Russian Entente

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8
Q

What was the agreement of the Triple Entente ?

A

They did not form a military agreement because Britain did not want to be committed to war

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9
Q

When was the Moroccan Crises ?

A

1905/1911

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10
Q

What happened in 1905 to start the Moroccan Crises ?

A

The Kasier was not happy with the Anglo French Entente

He wanted to make a situation in Morocco to provoke a crisis hoping Britain would abandon France

This however failed as Britain supported France so the French did not lose any control over Morocco

This left Germany feeling encircled any the only had Austria Hungary to support them

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11
Q

What happened in 1911 for the Moroccan Crises?

A

Germany was angry about how Frances influences grew over Morocco

France sent 20,000 troops to the Moroccan capital to rebel against the sultan

France and Britain stood up the Germany, this is where France gained total control of Morocco

Germany were not happy so they sent a gunboat to Agadir

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12
Q

What were the results of the Moroccan Crises?

A

Germany was left feeling humiliated as they had to back down.

Britain and Frances friendship grew and they both agreed that they should not trust Germany

Britain and France made an agreement hat the French would patron the Mediterranean which Britain defends Frances Atlantic and North Sea coasts

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13
Q

What were the Balkans also known as?

A

Power key

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14
Q

What was the Balkans?

A

Very poor area of south Easter Europe

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15
Q

How did the weak Turkish Ottoman Empire suffer ?

A

They suffered from increasing corruption and the raise of nationalism among the countries it controlled call the sick man of Europe

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16
Q

What did Germany want to do around the balkans ?

A

Build a railway to the east

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17
Q

How did Austria Hungary want influence or the Balkans ?

A

They want to stop Serbia storing up the Salvia people. The Slavs wanted independence and hopped Serbia would help them

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18
Q

How did Russia want influence over the Balkans ?

A

It wanted seas access from the black seas to the Mediterranean through straits controlled by the Turkish Empire

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19
Q

What happened in the Balkans in 1908?

A

Bosnian Crisis

Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina

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20
Q

Describe the Bosnian Crisis?

A

Trijet was faced with a revolution by the Young Turks - > this was a distraction which allowed Austria Hungary to enter the Balkans and annex Bosnia- Herzegovina
|
The Kaiser was annoyed that Austria -Hungary has annexed without consulting him ->
Even though this happened Germany still supported Austria Hungary so Russia had to back down

Russia felt humiliated

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21
Q

What were the results of the Bosnian Crisis?

A

Austria Hungary were confident that Germany would support them in the future

Britain/ France and Russia became closer through their mutual fear and mistrust of Germany

Serbia were forced to accept the Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia due to them having a really small army

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22
Q

What happened in the 1st Balkan War in 1912?

A

4 Balkan countries Serbia, Montenegro , Greece and Bulgaria attacked Turkey

Turkey were defeated in 50 days

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23
Q

When did the second Balkan war take place ?

A

1913

24
Q

What happened in the second Balkan War?

A

Bulgaria attacked Serbia

But Bulgaria were defeated by Serbia and they double and became the strongest state in the Balkans

25
Q

What were the results of the Balkans wars?

A

Any disbute between the two alliances would end up in a massive war.

Austria Hungary had Germany’s support and Serbia had Russia’s support

Austria Hungary and Serbia seen each other as a direct threat

26
Q

When and why did the Germany government start building up their navy?

A

After 1897

To challenge the British Navy

27
Q

What did the Kaiser follow in the Anglo German rivalry and what did this mean?

A

He followed the risk theory meaning that Germany had to build a big enough navy that the British navy would stay in port and would not risk battle

28
Q

When did Britain start to become suspicious of Germany Risk Theory?

A

1909

29
Q

How was Germany’s battle tactics developing ?

A

They had a large army and if they also had a large navy they would be the strongest and a potential threats

30
Q

What rule did Britain follow which also contributed towards the Anglo - German Rivalry ?

A

Two power standard

Meaning to have a navy stranger then the two strongest navies in Europe

31
Q

What did Britain build allowing her to increase her navy and when did she build this ?

A

In 1906 she build the Dreadnaught

32
Q

How did Germany respond to Britain building this new ship ?

A

They decided they would build something very similar and so they battles to see how many could be built

33
Q

What did the British Government try and decide in 1909 but Instead the public said something else ?

A

They were trying to because weather they should build 4 or 6 dreadnaughts but the public said ‘We want 8 and we won’t wait’

34
Q

When did the naval race become less intense and why?

A

After 1911 because Britain built mor Drednaughts

35
Q

What was the Significance of the naval race?

A

The relationship between Britain and Germany worsened, when crises occurred it was hard to make negotiations between the two nations.

Britain and France became more close due to this and it was sure they would both fight against Germany if war broke out

36
Q

Between when and when did Europe’s mainland powers increased the size of their armies?

A

1900-14

37
Q

Who were the black hand gang organised and controlled by?

A

Serbia by the head of the Serbian military intelligence

38
Q

When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated ?

A

June 28th 1914

39
Q

Explain how the Archduke was assassinated ?

A

Him and his wife visited Sarajevo to watch the Austrian army manoeuvres.

The open top car was travelling when it was hit by a bomb which bounced off his car and wounded a car behind

The Archduke went to visit the wounded In hospital

When he leaves the hospital the car route is changed and the driver gets confused and takes a wrong turn

Gavrilo Princip (a black hand member) was sitting In a shop when he seen the car taking a wrong turn, he found his chance to assassinate him.

He shouts Ferdinand and his wife in point blank range

40
Q

What is the term used to describe the procedures which took place between Europe’s main powers between the assassination and the outbreak of war?

A

July Crisis

41
Q

Who got blamed for the assassination?

A

The Serbs government even though there was no evidence

They got blamed because they were still angry with Austria Hungary as they were still recovering from the Balkans wars

42
Q

How and when did The Kaiser give Austria Hungary help ?

A

July 6th through a blank cheque

43
Q

What happened on July 23rd between Austria Hungary and Serbia ?

A

Austria Hungary send them a 10 point ultimatum to which they had to respond in 2 days

Serbia accepted the ultimatum as it would mean that a hostile foreign country would be influencing its league system

44
Q

What did Austria Hungary’s Ultimatum consist of?

A

Very harsh demand

Austria Hungary’s officials to be allowed into Serbia to attest those responsible for the assassination

45
Q

What happened on July 28th ?

A

Due to Serbia not accepting the ultimatum in full Austria Hungary declared war and invaded Serbia

46
Q

How did Serbia react to Austria Hungary invading them ?

A

They asked Russia for help.

Russia were worried to prevent Austrian expansion into the Balkans and so they mobilised on July 30th

47
Q

How did Germany react to Russia mobilising ?

A

They ordered them to stop and when Russia didn’t they declared war on August 1

48
Q

How did France react to Germany declaring war on August 1st?

A

They began to mobilise their army

49
Q

When was the Schlieffen plan drawn up ?

A

1905

50
Q

Who was the Schlieffen plan drawn up by ?

A

German army Chief of Staff, Count Alfred con Schlieffen

51
Q

Why was the Schlieffen plan drawn up?

A

Because Germany though that if they became involved in war they would be fighting against France and Russia

So they wanted to avoid a war on two fronts

52
Q

What was the actual Schlieffen Plan ?

A

To defeat FRANCE in 5-6 week because they believe it would take Russia 8 weeks to mobilise due to the poor conditions

France was gonna be attacked through Belgium and Paris from the north

53
Q

What did the who Schlieffen plan depend upon?

A

The Army defeating their opponents and speed

54
Q

Explain the plan in Action?

A

AUGUST 3rd- Germany declared war on France

AUGUST 4th-Germany invaded Belgium to allow her to attack France -> Britain then became involved due to the Treaty of London

MIDNIGHT AUGUST 4th- Britain declared war on Germany

55
Q

Why did the Schlieffen plan fail?

A
  • Belgium were better then planned
  • Belgian resistance won giving Britain and France time to mobilise
  • Britain used rifles very effectively
  • Russia mobilised quicker than expected we began attacking Germany from the east

History GCSE paper 1 (6 decks)

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