Paper 1 Section A: Terminology

Question 1

Main Clause:

Answer 1

Definition: A group of words that can stand alone as a complete sentence.
Example: She smiled.

Question 2

Subordinate Clause:

Answer 2

Definition: A group of words that cannot stand alone and depends on a main clause.
Example: Because it was raining (it needs something like we stayed home to make sense).

Question 3

Relative Clause:

Answer 3

Definition: A clause that adds information about a noun (person, place, thing).
Example: The book that I read was good. (“that I read” tells us more about the book).

Question 4

Adverbial Clause:

Answer 4

Definition: A clause that gives more information about when, where, why, or how something happens.
Example: I will call you when I arrive. (“when I arrive” tells us when).

Question 5

Noun Clause:

Answer 5

Definition: A clause that acts as a noun in the sentence.
Example: What she said was funny. (“What she said” is the subject).

Question 6

Conditional Clause:

Answer 6

Definition: A clause that tells us about a condition or situation.
Example: If it rains, we’ll stay inside. (The condition is if it rains).

Question 7

Causative Clause:

Answer 7

Definition: A clause that tells us why something happens.
Example: She was happy because she passed the test. (Why she was happy is because she passed the test).

Question 8

Complement Clause:

Answer 8

Definition: A clause that completes the meaning of the sentence.
Example: She is sure that she can win. (The clause that she can win tells us what she is sure about).

Question 9

Exclamatory Clause:

Answer 9

Definition: A clause that shows strong feeling or surprise.
Example: What a great day! (Expresses excitement).

Question 10

Imperative Clause:

Answer 10

Definition: A clause that gives a command or request.
Example: Close the door. (It’s telling someone what to do).

Question 11

Coordinating Clause:

Answer 11

Definition: Two clauses joined together with words like and, but, or.
Example: I want ice cream, but I’m on a diet. (Two ideas connected with but).

Question 12

Correlative Clause:

Answer 12

Definition: A clause that uses pairs of words like either…or, not only…but also.
Example: She likes either tea or coffee. (The two options are connected with either…or).

Question 13

Embedded Clause:

Answer 13

Definition: A clause inside another clause.
Example: The boy, who was wearing a red shirt, smiled. (The clause who was wearing a red shirt adds detail about the boy).

Question 14

Reduced Clause:

Answer 14

Definition: A shorter version of a clause, where parts are left out to make it quicker.
Example: Walking through the park, I saw a dog. (It means When I was walking through the park, I saw a dog but is shortened).